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Retrospective analysis of clinical endocrine cases in dogs in selected veterinary clinics of France and Estonia

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Date
2022
Embargo Lift Date
09.09.2022
Author
Raux, Louise Anastasie Sylvie
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Abstract
Canine endocrinopathies are frequently encountered in general practice. The prevalence and the signalment of the disease differ depending on the affected hormone. Moreover, some endocrine disorders (e.g., hypoadrenocorticism) are notorious for their non-specific signs, making them challenging to diagnose. Knowledge of the clinical presentation of endocrinopathies is imperative for their recognition and treatment. This study aims to assess the signalment and hallmarks associated with common canine endocrinopathies (hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, hyperadrenocorticism, and diabetes mellitus) by analyzing clinical endocrine cases obtained in selected clinics in France and Estonia. In addition, current diagnostic methods and treatment options of chronic hypoadrenocorticism are discussed to provide a better understanding of this pathology. Endocrine cases were obtained through the clinics’ management software. The following variables were collected: breed, sex, age, age at time of diagnosis, concurrent disease, weight, neutered status, clinical signs, laboratory tests used, diagnosis, and treatment. Some results obtained from the analysis did not match the data found in scientific literature. In this paper, hypothyroidism affected females more frequently than males (41.2% vs. 58.8%, respectively). Sterilized females (70.0%) were more often affected than intact females (30.0%) whereas sterilized males developed hypothyroidism more commonly than intact males (71.4% vs. 28.6%, respectively). Hyperadrenocorticism was equally represented in females and males. Regarding diabetes mellitus, non-sterilized females were at higher odds than sterilized females (57.1% vs. 42.8%, respectively). Finally, hypoadrenocorticism was overrepresented in Yorkshires (33.3%). The treatment of chronic hypoadrenocorticism differed between countries: desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisone were used in France, while fludrocortisone acetate and prednisone in Estonia. Innovations in terms of diagnosis and treatment of hypoadrenocorticism have recently been offered. Based on studies, low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test is as efficient as a standard dose for screening dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism, and a decreased dose of desoxycorticosterone pivalate could be employed to stabilize electrolytes. I suggest that more attention should be paid to these interesting findings, since they potentially could modify the current approach to managing chronic hypoadrenocorticism.
 
Koerte endokrinopaatiat kohtab veterinaarpraktikas sageli. Olenevalt hormonaalsest häirest on haiguse levimus ja kliiniline pilt erinev. Lisaks on endokrinoloogilised probleemid (nt hüpoadrenokortitsism) tuntud oma mittespetsiifiliste nähtude poolest, mistõttu on nende diagnoosimine keeruline. Teadmised endokrinopaatiatest kliinilises võtmes on hädavajalikud selle avastamiseks ja raviks. Käesoleva uuringu eesmärk on hinnata koerte endokrinopaatiate (hüpotüreoidism, hüpoadrenokortitsism, hüperadrenokortitsism ja suhkurtõbi) signaale ja tunnuseid. Analüüsiti Prantsusmaa ja Eesti kliinikutest kogutud andmeid. Lisaks käsitletakse põhjalikumalt tänapäeval kasutatavaid kroonilise hüpokortitsismi diagnoosimisvõtteid ja ravivõimalusi. Endokriinsed haigusjuhtumid koguti kliinikutes kasutatava haldustarkvara kaudu ja koostati andmebaas järgmistest muutujatest: tõug, sugu, vanus, vanus diagnoosimise hetkel, kaasnevad haigused, kaal, kastreeritud/steriliseeritud, kliinilised tunnused, kasutatud laboratoorsed testid, täpne diagnoos ja ravi. Teostatud analüüsi tulemused ei ühtinud alati teaduskirjandusest leitud andmetega. Hüpotüreoidismi haigestusid sagedamini emaseid (58.8%) kui isaseid (41.2%) koerad. Seejuures oli haigestunute seas rohkem steriliseeritud (70.0%) kui steriliseerimata emaseid (30.0%), samas kui kastreeritud isastel tekkis kilpnäärme alatalitlus sagedamini kui kastreerimat isastel (vastavalt 71.4% vs. 28.6%). Hüperadrenokortitsismi esines võrdselt nii emastel kui ka isastel koertel. Diabeet esines sagedamini steriliseerimata emastel kui steriliseeritud emastel (vastavalt 57.1% vs 42.8%). Tõugude kokkuvõttes oli hüpoadrenokortitsismi võrreldes teistega rohkem Yorkshire terjeritel (33.3%). Kroonilise hüpoadrenokortitsismi ravi oli riigiti erinev. Prantsusmaal kasutati valdavalt desoksükortikosteroonpivalaati ja prednisooni ning Eestis fludrokortisoonatsetaati ja prednisooni. Hüpoadrenokortisismi diagnoosimise jaravi vallas on toimunud viimasel aja arengud.Uuringu te põhjal onmadala doosiga adrenokortikotroopse hormooni stimulatsiooni testsama tõhus hüp oadrenokortikismi kahtluse kiinnitamiseks koertele kui standardannus ning elektrolüütide stab iliseerimiseks võib kasutada desoksükortikosteroonpivalaadi madalamad annust.Soovitan pöö rata rohkem tähelepanu nendele leidudele, kuna needvõivad potentsiaalselt muuta praegust lä henemisviisi kroonilise hüpoadrenokortisismi ravimisele ning diagnoosimisele.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10492/7374
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DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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