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Võrgutunneli ja avatud külgedega tunneli mõju maheviljeluses kasvatatud aedmaasikate (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) saagile ja viljade kvaliteedile

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Date
2021
Embargo Lift Date
01.09.2021
Author
Lindemann, Elina
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Abstract
Maailmas on hakatud rohkem tähelepanu pöörama keskkonnasõbralikele tootmisviisidele. Maheviljeluses on oluline kahjurite arvukuse mahasurumine. Üheks võtteks tunnelkasvuhoonetes on mehaaniline tõrje, kus kahjurite leviku tõkestamiseks kasutatakse putukavõrku. Magistritöö eesmärgid olid järgmised: 1) selgitada välja aedmaasika sortide ’Allegro’, ’Sonsation’ ja ’Polka’ saagikus ja viljade kahjustused avatud ja putukavõrguga kaitstud tunnelkasvuhoones; 2) selgitada välja tunnelitüübi mõju viljade maitsega seotud parameetritele. Katse viidi läbi Tartu maakonnas Kastre vallas Roiu alevikus Aran PM OÜ-s. Katse oli rajatud aastal 2019 kahte kiletunnelisse. Ühes kiletunnelis olid otsad avatud, teises kiletunnelis kasutati külgedel ja otstel putukavõrku. Maasikataimed olid istutatud kahes reas ning taimede vahe oli 28 cm. Istanduses olid peenrad kaetud musta kilemultšiga ning peenravahedes kasutati geotekstiili, mis tõkestas umbrohu levikut. Tunnelil oli statistiliselt oluline mõju maasika kogusaagile, mahla kuivaine sisaldusele ning mahla kuivaine ja orgaaniliste hapete suhtele. Katses oli avatud tunneli keskmine kogusaak (590 g/taim), mis oli 31% suurem võrguga tunneli kogusaagist (449 g/taim). Katse keskmisena oli vilja mahla kuivaine ja orgaaniliste hapete suhe kõrgem võrgutunnelis. Putukavõrguga kaetud kiletunnelis oli sordi 'Sonsation' viljadel vähem jahukaste kahjustust. Võrgutunneli mõju ripslase kahjustusele katseaastal ei ilmnenud, kuna külma kevade tõttu ripslast ei esinenud. Sort mõjutas vilja massi ja turustatava saagi suurust.’Sonsation’ oli teistest sortidest oluliselt suuremate viljadega. Sordi ’Sonsation’ keskmine turustatav saak (456 g/taim) oli statistiliselt oluliselt suurem kui sordil ’Polka’(331 g/taim), kuid jäi sarnaseks ’Allegro’ turustatava saagiga (398 g/taim). Kahjuritele ja haigustele kõige vastupidavam sort oli ‘Allegro’. Magistritöö tulemuste põhjal võib soovitada maheviljeluses kasvatamiseks sorte ’Sonsation’ ja ’Allegro’.
 
Environmentally friendly production systems in horticulture are gaining popularity. In organic farming, it is important to control the number of pests. One of the insect control methods in high polyethylene tunnels is mechanical control where insect nets are used to prevent the invasion of pests from outside. The objectives of the Master’s thesis were the following: 1) to determine the yield of the strawberry cultivars ‘Allegro’, ‘Sonsation’ and ‘Polka’ and to find out fruit damages caused by pests and diseases depending on tunnel type; 2) to determine the impact of the tunnel type on the taste-related parameters of fruits. The experiment was conducted at Aran PM OÜ in Roiu, Tartu county. The experiment had been established in 2019. The ends and sides of one polytunnel were open and insect net was used on the sides and at the ends of the other tunnel. The strawberry plants were planted in two rows and the plant to plants distance was 28 cm. The beds were covered with black plastic mulch and geotextile was used in between the beds to prevent the spread of weeds. The tunnel type had a statistically significant effect on total yield, total soluble solids content and the ratio of total soluble solids and organic acids in the fruits. In the experiment, the average total yield in the open tunnel (590 g/plant) was 31% higher than the total yield in the net-covered tunnel (449 g/plant). On average, the ratio of soluble solids content and organic acids of the fruits was higher in the net-covered tunnel. Since thrips were not present due to the cold spring, the effect of net on thrips damage was not possible to assess. The cultivar affected the weight of the fruit and the amount of marketable yield. ‘Sonsation’ fruits were significantly larger compared to other cultivars. The average marketable yield (456 g/plant) of ‘Sonsation’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Polka’ (331 g/plant), but remained similar to the marketable yield of ‘Allegro’ variety (398 g/plant). ‘Allergo’ was the most resistant to pests and diseases. Based on the results of the Master’s thesis, cultivars ‘Sonsation’ and ‘Allegro’ can be recommended for organic farming in high tunnel conditions in Estonia.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10492/6604
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DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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