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The Resilience of Tallinn urban landscapes to a changing climate: land surface parameters and their impact on urban heat island effect

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Date
2020
Embargo Lift Date
01.09.2020
Author
Remmelgas, Laura
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Abstract
The aim of the thesis is to provide an assessment on the impact of land surface parameters to the magnitude of UHI in Tallinn, and the level of resilience of mitigating the UHI effect within the existing policy and planning framework. There are already a few existing studies on the UHI effect in Tallinn from which the latest assessments are conducted by the scholars from the University of Tartu (Sagris, Sepp and Gauk). In the thesis, stepwise multiple linear regression modelling was used to identify which land surface parameters and their combinations contribute to the increase of land surface temperature in Tallinn. Dependent and independent variables used for the regression analysis were calculated in ArcGIS 10.4 into suitable units within a 100x100m grid. In addition to modelling works a number of multilevel planning and strategic documents were analysed to understand how are the spatial developments in correlation with the results of the modelling of predictor variables. The results of the modelling suggest that transport surfaces are the highest contributors to the magnitude of UHI within the impervious surfaces, and their impact is enhanced in combination with building area and height, and with the lack of greenery, especially tree cover. At the planning level, the UHI effect has not been acknowledged in Tallinn and the current measures that are having a potential mitigating impact on the magnitude of UHI are targeting other aspects, and therefore are not based on any vulnerability assessment and lack spatial specificity. For further vulnerability assessment including additional parameters such as the Sky View Factor, distance from water bodies and compactness are necessary to provide more focused information for the development of a methodology for calculating the volume of green spaces.
 
Lõputöö eesmärk on hinnata Tallinna näitel maapinna parameetrite mõju soojussaare efekti ulatusele ja olemasolevate strateegilise ja ruumilise planeerimise dokumentide mõju soojussaare efekti leevendamisele. Tallinna kohta on juba läbi viidud mõningaid soojussaare efekti käsitlevaid uuringuid, sh Tartu Ülikooli teadlaste (Sagris, Sepp ja Gauk) poolt teostatud soojussaarte esinemise, linna haavatavus nende mõjule ja tuumikalade analüüsid. Töös kasutati mitmest lineaarset regressioonimudelit, et hinnata, millised maapinna parameetrid ja nende kombinatsioonid põhjustavad maapinna temperatuuri tõusu Tallinnas. Regressioonianalüüsis kasutatud seletavad ja sõltuvad muutujad arvutati ArcGIS 10.4 programmis sobivateks ühikuteks 100x100m ruudustikus. Lisaks analüüsiti mitmeid strateegilise ja ruumilise planeerimise dokumente hindamaks, kas linnal on valmisolek soojussaarte efekti leevendada. Regressioonianalüüsi tulemused näitavad, et Tallinnas mõjutavad soojussaarte teket kõige enam transpordi pinnad. Nende mõju tugevneb koos hoonete pindala ja kõrgusega ning rohelade, eriti kõrghaljastuse puudumisega. Planeerimise tasandil pole soojussaarte mõju Tallinnas teadvustatud ja praegused, soojussaarte ulatust potentsiaalselt leevendavad tegevused, on suunatud muudele eesmärkidele ega tugine seetõttu haavatavuse hinnangul ning neil puudub ruumiline fookus. Vajalik oleks täiendavate parameetrite (Sky View Factor, kaugus veekogudest (sh merest) ja kompaktsus) hõlmamine analüüsi, mis annaks planeerimisotsuste tegemiseks vajaliku lisa teabe ja oleks oluliseks sisendiks näiteks roheladade mahu arvutamise metoodika väljatöötamisel.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10492/5801
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All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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