Kartuli saagikus ja kasvatamise tasuvus sõltuvalt viljelusviisist

Abstract

Uurimustöö eesmärgiks oli uurida kartuli kaubandusliku saagi erinevusi tava- ja maheviljelussüsteemides ning välja selgitada, milline viljelusviis on tasuvaim. Antud katse viidi läbi Eesti Maaülikooli Põllumajanduse- ja keskkonnainstituudi Rõhu katsejaama Eerika katsepõldudel, kus kartul on üks kultuur 5-väljalisest külvikorra katsest. Katses oli 4 erinevat tavaviljeluse varianti ja 3 maheviljeluse varianti. katse oli neljas korduses. Tavaviljeluse variandid erinesid üksteisest lämmastikukoguste poolest: Tava 0 (N0P0K0); Tava I (N50P25K95); Tava II (N100P25K95); Tava III (N150P25K95). Maheviljeluse variandid olid: Mahe 0 – ei kasutatud vahekultuure, Mahe I – kus kasvatati lisaks vahekultuure, Mahe II – kasutati vahekultuure ning lisaks anti kartulile kevadel orgaanilist sõnnikut normiga 20 t ha-1 . Enim saaki andis Tava III variant 32,5 t ha-1 ja vähima saagikusega oli Mahe 0 variant 19,4 t ha-1 . Lämmastikväetiste kasutamine suurendas nitraatide sisaldust mugulates ja vähendas tärklise osakaalu kartulis. Tärklise sisaldus oli suurim maheviljeluses Mahe II 17,4%. Kõige suuremad kulutused kartulikasvatamiseks tehti Tava III variandis 5118,85€ ha-1 . Suurim kasum oli Mahe II variandis 11067€ ha-1 .

The aim of the research was to study potato yield diffrences in conventional and organic farming systems and to find out, which is economically most profitable. The study was held in 2018 at Estonian University of Life Sciences at the Erika test field of Rõhu test station, where potato was one of the 5 crop rotation experiement. Experiement had 4 diffrent conventional farming variants and 3 diffrent variants of organic farming. The variants of conventional farming differed in amount of nitrogen content: Tava 0 (N0P0K0); Tava I (N50P25K95); Tava II (N100P25K95); Tava III (N150P25K95). Organic farming variants were: Mahe 0- no winter cover crop were used, Mahe I – included winter cover crops, Mahe II - included winter cover crops and potato was fertilized with organic manure 20 t ha-1 in the spring. The biggest amount of yield came from conventional farming Tava III 32.5 t ha-1 and lowest yield value was organing farming Mahe 0 19.4 t ha-1 . Using Nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrates in tuber and decreased the amount of starch in potato tubers. Biggest starch content was in organic farming Mahe II 17.4%. The biggest expenses for growing potatos were made in Tava III 5118.85 € ha-1 . Largest profit was in Mahe II variant 11067 € ha-1