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Mõnede Eestis kasvatatud õunte (Malus domestica Borkh.) allergeensus ja antioksüdantide sisaldus sõltuvalt sordist ja viljelusviisist

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Date
2018
Author
Puusta, Rachel
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Abstract
Õunte kasvatamine ja tarbimine on laialt levinud, kuna värsked ja maitsvad viljad on saadaval aastaringselt ning nad sisaldavad tervisele kasulikke ühendeid. Vähem teatakse õuntes sisalduvatest tervisele ohtlikest ühenditest, nagu näiteks allergeenid. Üha enam eelistatakse maheviljeluses kasvanud aedvilju, sest neid peetakse tervislikumaks. Samas võib mahetoodetes olla ka kõrgem allergeenide sisaldus, kuna taim võib neid toota stressitingimuste kaitseks samadel põhimõtetel nagu ka inimtervisele kasulikke polüfenoole või vitamiine. Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks oli teha kindlaks mahe- ja tavaviljeluses kasvatatud seitsme õunasordi peamiste antioksüdantide ja allergeen Mal d 1 sisaldus. Katses kasutati sorte ´Krista´, ´Sputnik´, `Katre´, `Alesja´, `Cortland´, `Talvenauding´ ja `Tellissaare´. Maheviljeluses kasvanud õunad sisaldasid tendentsina rikkalikumalt fenoolseid ühendeid, sealhulgas flavonoide ning neil oli kõrgem antioksüdatiivne aktiivsus. Askorbiinhappe ja allergeen Mal d 1 sisaldusele viljelusviis ühesuunalist mõju ei avaldanud. Viljelusviisi mõju õuntes leiduvatele antioksüdantidele sõltus sordist. Maheviljeluses kasvanud õunte kõrgem fenoolsete ühendite sisaldus võis olla seotud sellega, et nende ühendite sünteesi indutseerivad erinevad stressifaktorid, näiteks haigused ja kahjurid, mille tõrjumiseks maheviljeluses taimekaitsevahendeid ei kasutatud. Lisaks suurendab vähene lämmastiku kättesaadavus nende ühendite sisaldust ja maheviljeluses kasvatatud õunapuudele anti vähem lämmastikku. Maheviljeluses kasvanud õunte kõrgem antioksüdatiivne aktiivsus sõltub suuresti fenoolsete ühendite ja flavonoidide sisaldusest. Mida kõrgem on nende ühendite sisaldus, seda kõrgem on antioksüdatiivne aktiivsus. Allergeen Mal d 1 sisaldusele avaldas sort suuremat mõju kui viljelusviis.
 
The cultivation and consumption of apples is widespread, as fresh and delicious fruits are available throughout the year and contain several compounds that are beneficial to health. Apples may also contain allergens, which are less known. Consumers tend to prefer organic products as they are considered healthier. However, organic products may also have higher allergen content, since production of allergens may be induced by the same stress factors as polyphenols and vitamins, which content have been claimed to be higher in organic apples. The aim of the current study was to determine the content of main antioxidants and allergen Mal d 1 in seven apple cultivars grown under organic and conventional cultivation systems. The following cultivars were used in the experiment: ´Krista´, ´Sputnik´, `Katre´, `Alesja´, `Cortland´, `Talvenauding´ and `Tellissaare´. Apples grown in organic orchard tended to contain more total phenolics, including flavonoids and had higher antioxidant activivty. Cultivation system did not have consistent effect on the level of ascorbic acid and allergen Mal d 1. The effect of cultivation system on the content of antioxidants and allergen Mal d 1 was cultivar dependent. However, as the average of the experiment, the fruit grown in organic orchards contained more ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and had higher antioxidant capacity. The reason could be related to the stress factors and nitrogen availability. In organic orchards, no plant protection pesticides were used and the trees were fertilized in lesser amount than in conventional orchard. Higher antioxidant capacity of organic apples was a consequence of higher content of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids. The higher the content of these compounds, the higher the antioxidant capacity. Mal d 1 content in apples was more affected by cultivar than cultivation system.
 
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http://hdl.handle.net/10492/4294
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