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Viljelusviisi mõju herne (Pisum sativum) umbrohtumusele ja saagikusele

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Date
2017
Author
Jõemaa, Annika
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Abstract
Hernes on oluline põllukultuur, mida kasutatakse loomasöödaks ning toiduks. Herne kasvatamisel on probleemiks aga selle madal konkurentsivõime ning seetõttu on umbrohtumus oluline saagikust limiteeriv tegur. Seoses rahvaarvu suurenemisega tuleb otsida võimalusi põllumajandussaaduste intensiivsemaks ja efektiivsemaks tootmiseks, kuid oluline on ka vähendada põllumajanduse negatiivset mõju keskkonnale. Katse viidi läbi 2015. ja 2016. aastal Põllumajandus- ja Keskkonnainstituudi katsepõllul Eerikal eesmärgiga uurida kolme maheviljelussüsteemi (M 0, M I ja M II) ja nelja tavaviljelussüsteemi (N0, N50, N100, N150) mõju herne (Pisum sativum) umbrohtumusele ning saagikusele. Katse rajati 2008. aastal viieväljalise külvikorrana, milles kultuuride järjestus oli järgmine: oder punase ristiku allakülviga – punane ristik – talinisu – hernes – kartul. Umbrohtude liigiline koosseis, arvukus ja maapealne biomass määrati kahel korral: enne talviste vahekultuuride muldakündi ning kolm nädalat enne herne koristamist. Antud katses selgus, et talviste vahekultuuride kasvatamine külvikorras vähendab umbrohtude arvukust ja biomassi, kuid vahekultuuride kasvatamisel ja sõnniku lisamisel mulda puudub usutav mõju herne saagikusele. Herne terasaagikus oli kõrgem tavavariantides. Herne keskmine saagikus mahevariantides oli 2015. aastal 25% ning 2016. aastal 35% madalam kui tavavariantide keskmine saagikus. Mahevariantides oli nii umbrohtude arvukus ja biomass kui ka liigiline mitmekesisus suuremad võrreldes tavavariantidega.
 
Field pea is an important crop used for food and animal feed. The problem with growing field peas is its low competitiveness and because of that weed growth plays an important role in limiting its yield. As a result of the increase of the population there is a need to find ways for more intense and effective production of agricultural products, but it is also important to reduce the negative effect agriculture has on the environment. The experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the impact of three organic farming systems (M 0, M I, and M II) and four conventional farming systems (N0, N50, N100, and N150) to field pea’s (Pisum sativum) weed infestation and yield. The experiment was started in 2008 as a five-field crop rotation with the following order of the crops: barley undersown with red clover – red clover – winter wheat – field pea – potato. The weeds’ biodiversity, density, and above-ground biomass were assayed twice: before the ploughing of the winter cover crops and three weeks before harvesting the field pea. It was discovered in this experiment that growing winter cover crops in crop rotation reduces the amount of weed infestation and biomass, but growing cover crops and adding manure to the soil has no plausible impact on field pea’s yield. Field pea’s average yield was higher in conventional systems. Field pea’s average yield with organic farming was lower than with conventional farming by 25% in 2015 and 35% in 2016. Compared to conventional farming, organic farming also had higher number of weeds and biomass and higher biodiversity.
 
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http://hdl.handle.net/10492/3490
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DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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