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Exploring the salutogenic properties of the landscape: from garden to forest

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Date
2016
Author
Maikov, Kadri
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Abstract
Around the world, there is increasing interest in research showing the impact of the physical environment on people’s health and wellbeing. This work focuses on landscape reading according to chosen theories in healing gardens, city parks and forests. We are knowledgeable about our UGSs and parks through dendrology and history. Newer approaches read landscapes through Environmental Psychology Theories (EPT): Landscape characteristics, Searles theory, main aspects of landscapes by Tyson, Attention Restoration Theory, Perceived Restorativeness Scale and Environmental Preference Matrix. Views are everywhere and through them we connect to the environment. England and the USA were chosen as study sites because of the existence and number of healing gardens. Each room was evaluated with respect to the degree of presence of the thematic landscape characteristics: “Serene”, “Wild”, “Rich in Species”, “Space”, “The Common”, “The Pleasure Garden”, “Festive” and “Culture” in healing gardens and in Tartu city parks (92sp). Tartu is well equipped with greeneries. The version of PRS used in this study is based on Hartig et al.(1997). Based on the Kaplan matrix of psychological environmental preference, pictures of 27 Estonian natural forest views were compiled out. Conclusions of the works are: 1. American healing gardens correlated with various characteristics, such as Festivity and the Pleasure garden. English healing gardens correlated to pairs of landscape characteristics, such as Rich in species and Festive, Rich in Species and Culture and Space and Common. 2. The method, which was developed on a human scale (garden scale), allows for a description and feeling of surroundings from a user point of view (healing purpose). Characters are most effective when they are strongly represented. 3. Tartu greeneries exhibit high recreational and healing potentials within the sensory dimension. 4. There are a range of preferences for different types of natural forest landscapes in Estonia. Those containing high degrees of mystery and coherence, in that order, were judged to be most preferred.
 
Rohealad on sobiv keskkond taastumiseks, vastates inimese vaimsele tasemele. Tervendava maastiku kriteeriume mõistetakse ühtemoodi ühe kultuuriruumi piires. Uurimuses kasutatakse neid meetodeid: Searlesi teooria kommunikatiivsed elemendid maastikus (1960), maastikukarakteristikud ehk ruumiomadused (Berggre-Bärring ja Grahn, 1995), tujumõjutamise aspektid maastikul (Tyson, 1998), tähelepanu restaureerimise teooria Kaplani järgi (1989, 1995), taju restaureerimise skaala Hartigi järgi (1996) ja maastikuvaadete eelistused Kaplani maatriksi põhjal (1989). Maastiku uurimiseks Suurbritannias ja USAs valiti välja tervendavad aiad haiglate aladel olenemata aiatüübist ja esindatuse alusel andmebaasis Therapeutic Landscapes Network. Jalgteedel liikudes hinnati maastikukarakteristikute olemasolu ja tuvastati ‘selgus’, ‘metsik’, ‘pidulikkus’, ‘naudingute aed’, ‘kultuur’, ‘liigirohkus’, ‘ruum’ ja ‘ühine’. Tartus hinnati rohealasid taju restaureerimise kohandatud skaala alusel, tujumõjutamise aspektid esitati protsentides ja Searlesi teooria tulemused jah/ei vastusena. Metsamaastike hindamiseks valiti 2000 pildi seast maastikuvaadete eelistuste maatriksi abil välja 27 maastikupilti. Vastused anti Likerti statistilisel skaalal. Uuringutes (haigla aiad ja linna rohealad) kasutati Pearsoni lineaarset korrelatsiooni. Usaldusväärsust mõõdeti Cronbachi alpha järgi. Metsavaadete uuringus testiti seeria ennustatavust lineaarse regressiooni abil ning selle efektiivsust tähistati kokkuvõtlikult statistilise avaldisega R2. Inglise kultuuriruumi esindajatena korreleeruvad maastikukarakteristikud ‘ühine’ ja ‘ruum’. Ameerika kultuuriruumis prevaleerivad ‘pidulik’ ja ‘naudingute aed’. Väitekirja autor koostas meetodi, mille abil on võimalik edaspidi välja töötada näiteks haiglaaedade vajadustele vastav teekond aia roheruumides.Tartu parkides on enimlevinud maastikukarakteristik ‘ruum’, olemas on ‘selgus’, ‘naudingute aed’, ‘pidulik’ ja ‘kultuur’. Tartu rohealadel suhtleb inimene maastikuga: pooltel juhtudel leidub vee-elemente või maakive, 99% juhtudest esineb taimestikku, 64% juhtudest on näha loomi. Kõige eelistatum metsavaade on väga ühtne ja salapärane, parajalt keeruline, samas tuttav ning on tajutav loomulikuna.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10492/3024
http://doi.org/10.15159/emu.15
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DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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