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Väetamise mõju poolkõrge mustika (Vaccinium x atlanticum E.P. Bicknell) produktiivsusele ja viljade kvaliteedile freesturbaväljal kasvatades

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Date
2016
Embargo Lift Date
alates 30.05.2021
Author
Volens, Kristine
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Abstract
Eestis on 1,2 miljonit ha´d turbaalsid, millest 1% on mahajäetud. Mahajäetud freesturbaväljad suurendavad aga kasvuhoonegaaside emmisiooni, mille tõttu on tarvilik antud alad taimestada. Marjakultuuride kasvatamisvõimalusi mahajäetud freesturbaväljadel hakkati Eestis uurima 1999. aastal. Antud töös selgus, et väetamine sellistel aladel on vajalik. Poolkõrge mustika (Vaccinium x atlanticum E.P. Bicknell) sort `Northblue` on Eestis hinnatud oma hea külmakindluse, saagikuse ja suurte marjade tõttu. Tänapäevaks on jõutud tõdemisele, et taimekasvatus peaks muutuma loodushoidlikumaks. Seetõttu uuritakse töös 4 erineva mahekasvatusse sobiva väetise (Compost Kanakaka, Biolan 3-1-7, Biolan 4-1-2, Monterra 9-1-4) mõju mustikasordi `Northblue` produktiivsusele ja viljade kvaliteedile. Uuriti erinevate maheväetiste mõju põõsa mõõtmetele (läbimõõt, kõrgus, pikkvõrsete arv), saagikusele, marja massile ja mõõtmetele (pikkus, laius), toitainete omastamisele ning lehe mõõtmetele (pikkus, laius, pindala). Viljade keemilisest koostisest hinnati väetiste mõju orgaaniliste hapete sisaldusele, rakumahla kuivainele, rakumahla kuivaine ja orgaaniliste hapete suhtele, fenoolsete ühendite, sealhulgas antotsüaanide sisaldusele, viljamassi pH´le, askorbiinhape ning vee ja kuivaine sisaldusele. Erinevad väetised avaldasid vastavatele parameetritele erinevaid mõjusid. Positiivne mõju marja parameetritele mass, pikkus ja laius esines Compost kanakakaga väetades. Antud väetisega väetades ületas marja mass optimaalset (optimaalne = 1,8 g; Compost Kanakakaga väetades = 2,17 g). Monterra 9-1-4 avaldas positiivset mõju antotsüaanide sisaldusele. Biolan 4-1-2 osutus väetiseks, millel oli ainsana positiivne mõju saagile. Teine Biolani väetis, Biolan 3-1-7, mõjutas positiivselt taime vegetatiivkasvu, mille puhul ületas taime läbimõõt optimaalset (optimaalne = 112 cm; Biolan 3-1-7´ga väetades = 117,3 cm). Katses selgus, et edaspidiselt tuleks täpsemalt uurida lämmastiku erinevate vormide mõju mustikale freesturbaväljal kasvatades, samuti kaltsiumi ja alumiiniumi suhte mõju antotsüaanide sisaldusele ning kuivendamise ja kastmise vajalikust freesturbaväljal.
 
In Estonia there is about 1,2 million hectares peat areas and 1% of them are disused. Such disused peat fields increase emission of greenhouse gases and because of that fact is necessary to plant them. Possibilities to cultivate berry cultures on peat field started to examine in Estonia in 1999. In this work appeared that fertilizing in such areas is necessary. Sort of half-high blueberry (Vaccinium x atlanticum E.P. Bicknell) called „Northblue“ is in Estonia valued because of its good cold endurance, high-yield and big berries. Nowadays is well known that plant growing has to change more to preservation of nature. Because of that fact in this work will be explored 4 different fertilizers (Compost Kanakaka, Biolan 3-1-7, Biolan 4-1-2, Monterra 9-1-4) wich are suitable to organic farming, their effect to productivity and quality of berries of the variety `Nothblue`. There was examined different mild fertilizers effect to the measures of bush (diameter, height, number of high-shoots), yield, mass and measures (lenght, width) of berry, uptake of nutrients and also measures of leaf (lenght, width, surface area). From chemical components of berries was examined the effect of ferilizers to the content of organic acids, dry matter of cell juice, to the ratio of dry matter of cell juice and organic acids, phenol compound – including to content of antocyanins, pH of mass of berry, ascorbic acid and content of water and dry matter. Different fertilizers influenced different effect to respective parameters. The positive effect to parameters of berry (mass, lenght, width) was using fertilizer Compost Kanakaka. Using this mentioned fertilizer mass of berry outperformed the optimal mass (optimal = 1,8 g; using Compost Kanakaka = 2,17 g). Monterra 9-1-4 was showing postive effect to content of antocyanins Biolan 4-1-2 turned out to be the fertilizer which only had a positive effect to the yield. The other fertilizer of Biolan, Biolan 3-1-7, had positive effect to the vegetative growth of plant – the diameter of plant outperfomed the opimal diameter (optimal = 112 cm; using Biolan 3-1-7 = 117,3 cm). In test transpired that in the future has to be specifically examined the effect of different forms of nitrogen cultivating in peat fields, also the effect of ratio of calcium and aluminum to the content of antocyanins and the need of drainage and watering on peat field.
 
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10492/2787
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DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
All items in EMU digital archive DSpace are protected by original copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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