Mahe- ja tavatootmise mõju kartuli kasvatamise tasuvusele

Abstract

Kartulikasvatus on Eestis järjest hääbuv majandusharu, kuna kartulikasvatuses on palju käsitööd ning probleeme esineb ka turustamisega. Kartulikavatamise tasuvust on vaja uurida, et anda ettevõtjatele infot, kas antud tegevus on tasuv ja milliseid võtteid peaks kasutama et tasuvust suurendada. Töö eesmärgiks oli uurida, milliseks kujuneb kartuli kasvatamise tasuvus erinevate viljelusviiside korral 2013. ja 2015. aastal. Erinevate viljelusviiside saagiandmed on saadud Eesti Maaülikooli Eerika katsepõllul toimund külvikorrakatsest, kus kartulit kasvatati 7. erinevas variandis – N0, N50, N100 ja N150, kus number tähistab antud mineraalse lämmastiku kogust ning M0, M1 ja M2, millest esimene on kontrollvariant, teise puhul on kasutatud vahekultuuri ning kolmas on vahekultuuri ning sõnnikuga. Tööst selgus, et kartuli kasvatamine on tasuv ka ilma makstavate toetusteta, kui vaadati tasuvust erinevatel aegadel. Kui 2013. aastal saadi suurim kasum 70. kasvupäeval turustades, siis 2015. aastal aga 100. kasvupäeval turustades. Suurimad kasumid teenisid mahevariandid kuna mahekartuli hind oli Eesti Konjuktuuriinstituudi andmetel kordades kõrgem kui tavakartulil.

Potato growing is a fading economical branch in Estonia. Potato growing needs a lot of manual labor and has many problems with distribution. Profitability of potato growing needs further research, in order to give entrepreneurs information whether their actions are profitable and what kind of measures to take in order to increase profitability. The goal of this research paper was to examine profitability of different cultivation techniques in 2013 and 2015. Yields of different cultivation techniques were obtained from a long term field experiment taking place in Eerika test site managed by Estonian University of Life Sciences. Potatoes were grown in seven different variations. Conventional farming plots N0, N50, N100 & N150, where the number indicates the amount of nitrogen given to each plot. Organic farming plots M0, M1 & M2 – M0 being control variant, M1 used cover crops and M2 used manure and cover crops combined. The results shoved, that potato cultivation was profitable even without European subsidies, if profitability was compared over different years. In 2013, greatest profit was obtained by selling potatoes harvested on 70th growth day but in 2015, greatest profit was obtained by selling potatoes harvested on the 100th growth day. Highest profit was made by organically grown potato which was, according to the Estonian Institute of Economic Research, many times more expensive than conventionally grown potato.