Herbitsiid Taifun B mõju röövtoiduliste jooksiklaste põhikäitumisele
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Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadav alates
28.08.2020
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Herbitsiidid on maailmas kõige laialdasemalt kasutatavad taimekaitsevahendid, mille
eesmärgiks on hävitada taimedele konkurentsi pakkuv umbrohtumus, mis aitab kaasa
kultuurtaimede paremale arengule ja suuremale saagikusele. Umbrohutõrjevahendi kasutamine
põldudel mõjutab suuremal või vähemal määral põldudel toimetavaid mitte-sihtorganisme,
sealhulgas ka kasulikke röövlülijalgseid jooksiklasi, kelle valmikutel ja vastsetel on oluline roll
põllukultuure kahjustavate putukkahjurite vaos hoidmisel ja umbrohuseemnete varude
vähendamisel. Käesoleva magistritöö töö eesmärgiks oli selgitada herbitsiidi Taifun B mõju
metsa-süsijooksiku (Pterostichus oblongopunctatus) ja kirju-ketasjooksiku (Anchomenus
dorsalis) lokomotoorsele ja toitumise aktiivsusele. Mardikaid töödeldi Taifun B
põllukontsentratsiooniga (toimeaine 4,86 g/L ja 10,8 g/L) pinnatöötlusmeetodil. Mardikate
käitumist filmiti kahel järjestikkusel päeval 4 tunni jooksul. Erinevate parameetrite mõõtmiseks
ja analüüsimiseks kasutati EthoVision XT Version 11 ja STATISTICA 13.3. Tulemused näitasid,
et glüfosaadil põhinev herbitsiid Taifun B omab märkimisväärset, kuid erinevat mõju nii metsasüsijooksiku kui ka kirju-ketasjooksiku lokomotoorsele aktiivsusele. Kui herbitsiidiga töödeldud
pinnal muutusid kirju-ketasjooksikud koheselt hüpoaktiivseteks, siis metsa-süsijooksikutel
avaldus pestitsiidi pärssiv mõju pärast kahe tunnist kokkupuudet. Taifun B mõjutas mõlema liigi
toitumisaktiivsust. Esimesel päeval vahetult pärast töötlust herbitsiidi nõrgema
kontsentratsiooniga esines metsa-süsijooksikutel „õgimise“ efekt, mil sama kogus toitu tarbiti
märgatavalt väiksema aja ja toiduala külastuste arvuga. Töötlus kangema lahusega mardikate
toitumisaktiivsust ei mõjutanud. Kirju-ketasjooksiku toidu tarbimine oli esimesel päeval pärsitud
kõikides herbitsiidi töötlusgruppides– mardikad tarbisid vähem toitu, kuid seda sama aja ja
külastusarvudega. Katse teiseks päevaks oli enamus katsegruppide põhikäitumised taastunud
herbitsiidi töötlusest, va kirju-ketasjooksikud, kes kangema herbitsiidi töötluse korral muutusid
hüperaktiivseteks ja tarbisid 2 korda rohkem toitu kui kontrollrühma mardikad. Liikumis- ja
toitumisaktiivsuse vähenemise tulemusena võivad mardikate populatsioonid põldudel kahaneda,
selle tagajärjel võib väheneda nende biotõrjeline efektiivsus.
Herbicides are the most widely used pesticides in the world, aimed at eradicating excess weeds that compete with plants and contribute to better crop development and higher yields. Each time, when herbicides are used, in some way it could affect non-targeted organisms who are living in the fields, including beneficial arthropods. Ground beetles are one of the most beneficial predatory insects in the fields, whose matures and larvae play an important role with helping to reduce a number of pests and weeds in fields. The aim of this Master thesis´s was to examine the effect of the herbicide Taifun B (active ingredient glyphosate) on Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and Anchomenus dorsalis locomotion and feeding activities. Beetles were exposed to two different herbicide emulsions (active substance concentrations 4.86 g/L and 10.8 g/L) surface treatment method. The behavior of the beetles was filmed for two consecutive days for 4 hours. For the data analyses, the computer-centered video-tracking system Ethovision XT and STATISTICA13.3 were used. The results showed that glyphosate-based herbicide Taifun B has a significant but different effect on P. oblongopunctatus and A. dorsalis. When A. dorsalis became instantly hypoactive after contact with the treated surface, then P. Oblongopunctatus became hypoactive within two hours of herbicide exposure. Taifun B affected both species food consumption. On the first day immediately after treatment with the lower concentration of the herbicide P. oblongopunctatus had a “devouring” effect where the same amount of food was consumed in significantly less time and visits to the food area. Treatment with the stronger concentration did not affect the food consumption of the beetles. A. dorsalis food consumption was affected on the first day with both emulsion groups – beetles consumed less food with the same given time and visits to the food area. On the second day, most of the main behaviors of the experimental groups were recovered from the herbicide except A. dorsalis, who became hyperactive after contact with the stronger concentration and consumed two times more food than control group. As a result of reduced locomotor and feeding activity, beetle populations in the fields may decline, resulting in a reduction in their biocontrol effectiveness.
Herbicides are the most widely used pesticides in the world, aimed at eradicating excess weeds that compete with plants and contribute to better crop development and higher yields. Each time, when herbicides are used, in some way it could affect non-targeted organisms who are living in the fields, including beneficial arthropods. Ground beetles are one of the most beneficial predatory insects in the fields, whose matures and larvae play an important role with helping to reduce a number of pests and weeds in fields. The aim of this Master thesis´s was to examine the effect of the herbicide Taifun B (active ingredient glyphosate) on Pterostichus oblongopunctatus and Anchomenus dorsalis locomotion and feeding activities. Beetles were exposed to two different herbicide emulsions (active substance concentrations 4.86 g/L and 10.8 g/L) surface treatment method. The behavior of the beetles was filmed for two consecutive days for 4 hours. For the data analyses, the computer-centered video-tracking system Ethovision XT and STATISTICA13.3 were used. The results showed that glyphosate-based herbicide Taifun B has a significant but different effect on P. oblongopunctatus and A. dorsalis. When A. dorsalis became instantly hypoactive after contact with the treated surface, then P. Oblongopunctatus became hypoactive within two hours of herbicide exposure. Taifun B affected both species food consumption. On the first day immediately after treatment with the lower concentration of the herbicide P. oblongopunctatus had a “devouring” effect where the same amount of food was consumed in significantly less time and visits to the food area. Treatment with the stronger concentration did not affect the food consumption of the beetles. A. dorsalis food consumption was affected on the first day with both emulsion groups – beetles consumed less food with the same given time and visits to the food area. On the second day, most of the main behaviors of the experimental groups were recovered from the herbicide except A. dorsalis, who became hyperactive after contact with the stronger concentration and consumed two times more food than control group. As a result of reduced locomotor and feeding activity, beetle populations in the fields may decline, resulting in a reduction in their biocontrol effectiveness.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, glüfosaat, metsa-süsijooksik, kirju-ketsjooksik, liikumisaktiivsus, toitumisaktiivsus, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), keskkonnateadvus, keskkonnaharidus