Looduskaitseliste piirangute kompenseerimise praktika ja võimalused metsamajanduses
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Täna on Eesti erametsaomanikud olukorras, kus riik seab nendele kuuluvatele metsaaladele
rangeid looduskaitselisi kitsendusi selle eest õiglast hüvitist pakkumata. Bakalaureusetöö
eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade looduskaitseliste piirangute kompenseerimisest, välja
pakkuda võimalikke lahendusi metsaomanikele hüvituste pakkumisel ning analüüsida
looduskaitselistest piirangutest tulenevat majanduslikku mõju Eestis.
Töö käigus võrreldi Eesti, Austria, Läti ja Soome looduskaitse korraldust ning nendes
riikides kasutusel olevaid meetmeid metsaomanikele looduskaitsest tingitud kitsenduste
kompenseerimiseks, analüüsiti Eestis ja teistes uuritavates riikides olemasolevate
kompensatsioonimeetmete erinevaid külgi, keskendudes eelkõige võimalikele
muudatustele Eestis rakendatud meetmetes. Majandusliku mõju analüüs põhineb
kaitsealuste erametsade pindaladele arvutatud potentsiaalsete kulude ja tulude leidmisel.
Analüüsides looduskaitse korraldust uuritavates riikides jõuti järeldusele, et eelkõige on
Eestis puudus metsaomanike kaasamisest ning nende huvide ja väljakujunenud
elukorraldusega arvestamisest. Olukorra parandamiseks tasub autori arvates kaaluda
erinevaid võimalusi, näiteks: omanikepoolse loodushoiu tunnustamiseks meetmete
väljatöötamine ja looduskaitse muutmine auasjaks, metsaomanike kaasamine
loodushoiutöödesse, metsaühistute teadmiste ja oskuste kasutamine looduskaitse
korraldamisel.
Majandusliku mõju analüüsi käigus leiti, et Järvselja looduskaitsealal Natura hüvitis
potentsiaalset saamata jäänud tulu ei korvaks. Tegelik metsa majandamisest saamata jääv
tulu oleneb metsa omadustest, õiglasema hüvitusmeetme maksumuse leidmiseks on vajalik
põhjalikum analüüs metsakoosluste tulususe ja kaitsealuste metsade tüpoloogilise
jagunemise kohta.
Bakalaureusetööd on võimalik kasutada teistes riikides kasutatavatest
kompensatsioonimeetmetest ülevaate saamiseks, samuti Eesti erametsaomanikele
looduskaitseliste piirangute hüvitamiseks meetmete väljatöötamise käigus.
Current situation for Estonian private forest owners is that state sets severe nature conservation restrictions to their forests without offering fair compensation. Main objective of this thesis is to give an overview of compensation mechanisms for nature conservation restrictions, to provide possible solutions in offering compensations for forest owners and to analyze economic impact of nature conservation restrictions in Estonia. To reach the objectives, Estonian, Austrian, Latvian and Finnish nature conservation management systems and compensation mechanisms were compared and analyzed, concentrating on possible alterations for measures available in Estonia. Economic impact was analyzed by finding potential incomes and expenses using the area of protected forests. After analyzing different nature conservation arrangements it was concluded, that in Estonia forest owners are not enough involved in planning of nature conservation and their interests and way of life is not considered in planning processes. To improve the situation, author proposes to consider different measures: creating recognition measures to make nature protection a matter of honour, engaging forest owners in nature conservation arrangements, using the knowledge and expertise from forest owner associations in nature protection etc. Analysis of economic impact showed, that in Järvselja protected area the offered Natura compensation will not cover potential loss of income from unmanaged forests. The actual potential loss of income will depend on the quality of forest. To find the expense of fair compensation system, different forest types and typological distribution of protected private forests must be more thoroughly analyzed. This bachelor thesis can be used to gain an overview of practice of nature conservation and compensation measures for nature conservation restrictions in different countries. Also it can be used in development process of new compensation measures for private forest owners.
Current situation for Estonian private forest owners is that state sets severe nature conservation restrictions to their forests without offering fair compensation. Main objective of this thesis is to give an overview of compensation mechanisms for nature conservation restrictions, to provide possible solutions in offering compensations for forest owners and to analyze economic impact of nature conservation restrictions in Estonia. To reach the objectives, Estonian, Austrian, Latvian and Finnish nature conservation management systems and compensation mechanisms were compared and analyzed, concentrating on possible alterations for measures available in Estonia. Economic impact was analyzed by finding potential incomes and expenses using the area of protected forests. After analyzing different nature conservation arrangements it was concluded, that in Estonia forest owners are not enough involved in planning of nature conservation and their interests and way of life is not considered in planning processes. To improve the situation, author proposes to consider different measures: creating recognition measures to make nature protection a matter of honour, engaging forest owners in nature conservation arrangements, using the knowledge and expertise from forest owner associations in nature protection etc. Analysis of economic impact showed, that in Järvselja protected area the offered Natura compensation will not cover potential loss of income from unmanaged forests. The actual potential loss of income will depend on the quality of forest. To find the expense of fair compensation system, different forest types and typological distribution of protected private forests must be more thoroughly analyzed. This bachelor thesis can be used to gain an overview of practice of nature conservation and compensation measures for nature conservation restrictions in different countries. Also it can be used in development process of new compensation measures for private forest owners.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd