Õlise vee ja sette käitlemine
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Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Õlist vett tekib igas sadamas ja terminalis, tööstusettevõtetes, parklates ja muudes sarnastes kohtades. Õline vesi on keskkonnale kahjulik ning seetõttu vajab puhastamist. Õlise vee puhastamise käigus eraldatakse veest õli, mida võib-olla on võimalik kasutada kütusena ning saadakse ka õliseguseid setteid. Kui vee puhastamine on hästi korraldatud, siis õlise sette käitlemisele on vähem tähelepanu pööratud. Eestis on settekäitluses põhiliselt kasutusel üks meetod – põletamine.
Käesoleva magistitöö eesmärgiks oli katseliselt uurida õlise sette bioloogilise lagundamise võimalikkust ja pakkuda välja tehnoloogia sette bioloogiliseks käitlemiseks. Sette bioloogilist lagunemist uuriti kahes 785 l reaktoris. Ühte reaktorisse (mahuti A) segati õline sete ja orgaanilised tugiained ja teise reaktorisse (mahuti B) tehti segu õlisest settest ja mineraalsetest tugiainetest. Reaktoreid ventileeriti aeroobse elukeskkonna hoidmiseks. Naftasaaduste lagunemise käigus aktiivset soojuse eraldumist ei täheldatud ehkki reaktoris A oli temperatuur 1-2 kraadi võrra kõrgem ruumi temperatuurist. Mahutis B võrdsustus temperatuur pärast 90 päeva ruumi omaga.
Katse 90-ndaks päevaks hakkas naftasaaduste sisaldus vähenema. Mahutis B vähenes naftaproduktide sisaldus 40 %. Mahutis A vähenes polütsükliliste aromaatsete süsivesinike (PAHde) sisaldus 65,2 %. Katse vältel ei muutunud metallide kontsentratsioon oluliselt kummaski mahutis.
Vastavalt mahutis A saadud tulemustele dimensioneeriti sundõhustatav aundkompostimisväljak õlise sette bioloogiliseks lagundamiseks. Dimensioneerimisel võeti aluseks, et õlist setet tekib üks kuupmeeter nädalas. Dimensioneeritud väljaku mõõtmed on 60 × 46 m ning see mahutab kolm 400 m3 auna. Sellist väljakut on võimalik rajada iga õlise sette käitleja juurde.
Oily water is formed in evry port, terminal, industrial companies, parking lots and other similar places. Oily water is hazardous to enviornment and therefore it needs to be cleaned. During the treatment of oily water, oil is separated from water which may be used as fuel, and also oily sediments are obtained. Water treatment is usually well organized, however, handling of oily sludge recives less attention. The only sludge treatment method in Estonia is incineration. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally investigate the possibility of biological degradation of oily sludge and to provide the technology for biological treatment of sludge. Biological degradation of sludge was studided in two 785 l reactor. Oily sludge and organic amendment material were mixed into one reactor (tank A) and a mixture of sludge and mineral amendment material were mixed into another reactor (tank B). Reactors were ventilated to maintain aerobic environment. During the degradation of petroleum products active heat release was not observed although the temperature in reactor A was 1-2 degrees higher than room temperature. The temperature of tank B evened out with room temperature after 90 days By the 90th day of the experiment the content of petroleoum hydrocarbons began to decrease. Content of petroleum hydrocarbons were reduced by 40 % in tank B. Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) decreased by 65,2 % in tank A. Concentration of heavy metals did not change significantly during the test. According to the results obtained from tank A a biopile technology for biological degradation of oily sludge was proposed. Dimensioning was based on assumption, that one cubic meter of oily sludge is formed per week. The size of dimensioned field is 60 × 46 m and it can contain three 400 m3 biopiles. Such a filed can be built to each oily sludge treatment plant.
Oily water is formed in evry port, terminal, industrial companies, parking lots and other similar places. Oily water is hazardous to enviornment and therefore it needs to be cleaned. During the treatment of oily water, oil is separated from water which may be used as fuel, and also oily sediments are obtained. Water treatment is usually well organized, however, handling of oily sludge recives less attention. The only sludge treatment method in Estonia is incineration. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally investigate the possibility of biological degradation of oily sludge and to provide the technology for biological treatment of sludge. Biological degradation of sludge was studided in two 785 l reactor. Oily sludge and organic amendment material were mixed into one reactor (tank A) and a mixture of sludge and mineral amendment material were mixed into another reactor (tank B). Reactors were ventilated to maintain aerobic environment. During the degradation of petroleum products active heat release was not observed although the temperature in reactor A was 1-2 degrees higher than room temperature. The temperature of tank B evened out with room temperature after 90 days By the 90th day of the experiment the content of petroleoum hydrocarbons began to decrease. Content of petroleum hydrocarbons were reduced by 40 % in tank B. Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) decreased by 65,2 % in tank A. Concentration of heavy metals did not change significantly during the test. According to the results obtained from tank A a biopile technology for biological degradation of oily sludge was proposed. Dimensioning was based on assumption, that one cubic meter of oily sludge is formed per week. The size of dimensioned field is 60 × 46 m and it can contain three 400 m3 biopiles. Such a filed can be built to each oily sludge treatment plant.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
temperatuur, õline vesi, õline sete, naftaproduktid, magistritööd