Hariliku männi kasv ja häiringute mõju analüüs Käsmu poolsaarel
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Kuupäev
2014
Kättesaadav alates
05.06.2019
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Eesti metsanduse arengukava kohaselt on metsanduse eesmärkideks metsa elujõulisuse ja
tootlikkuse säilitamine, tagades sealjuures metsade tõhusa ja mitmekesise kasutamise
vastavalt säästva arengu printsiibile. Selleks on vaja mõista puu diameetri juurdekasvu
kujunemist ning kliimategurite ja puude kasvu vahelisi seoseid. Käesoleva töö eesmärkideks
oli (1) uurida hariliku männi (Pinus sylvestris L.) diameetri juurdekasvu sõltuvust vanusest,
(2) analüüsida häiringute mõju ja tuvastamise meetodeid ning (3) analüüsida klimaatiliste
tegurite ja mändide radiaaljuurdekasvu vahelisi seoseid Käsmu poolsaarel.
Käsmu poolsaare nõmmemännikutes asuvalt kolmelt proovialalt koguti puursüdamikud.
Proovide aastarõngalaiused ning vara- ja hilispuidu laius mõõdeti 0.01 mm täpsusega,
misjärel need juurdekasvuseeriad ristdateeriti ja standardiseeriti. Diameetri sõltuvust vanusest
uuriti regressioonanalüüsil, lähendades puude kasvukõveraid valitud mudelitega ning
võrreldes proovialade kasvukõveraid Eesti riigimetsa puistute diameetri vanuseridade
diferentsmudeli põhjal prognoositud kõveraga. Puistus toimunud häiringute tuvastamiseks
kasutati nelja erinevat puude kasvu vabanemisel (growth release) põhinevat meetodit. Kliima
ja mändide radiaalkasvu vahelisi seoseid uuriti korrelatsioon- ja vastavusfunktsioonanalüüsil,
libiseva keskmisega korrelatsioonanalüüsil, näitaasta analüüsil (pointer year analysis) ning
kattuvate ajajärkude analüüsil (superposed epoch analysis), kasutades Kunda meteoroloogia-
ja hüdroloogiajaama andmeid kuu keskmiste temperatuuride, maksimum- ja
miinimumtemperatuuride ja sademete kohta ajavahemikus 1947-2011.
Puu diameetri ja vanuse vahelist sõltuvust sobis kirjeldama ruutparabool ja.
logaritmfunktsioon. 50 aasta vanuses puistus ületas proovialade keskmine diameeter
mõnevõrra riigimetsa samblikumännikute diameetri, mille arvatavaks põhjuseks on puistute
boniteedi paranemine viimase 30 aasta jooksul. Leiti kinnitust männivaksiku (Bupalus
piniaria L.) rüüstetepuhangutele aastatel 1928-1930 ja 1981-1983. Proovialadel esines olulisel
määral häiringuid aastatel 1875-1899, 1935-1944, 1960-1969 ning 1990-1999. Võimalikeks
põhjusteks on ekstreemsed ilmastikutingimused ning inimtegevus (raied). Mändide kasvule
mõjus positiivselt soe kevad, suvi ja sügis. Kõige enam limiteeris puude kasvu kasvuaastale
eelnenud sademeterohke juuli ja kasvuaasta külm mai.
According to Estonian forest policy, the main objectives in forestry are to retain vitality and productivity of forests, thereby preserving efficient and diverse forest use according to principle of sustainable development. In order to do that, it’s important to understand the tree radial growth dynamics and relationship between tree growth and climatic factors. The aims of this study were to analyse (1) diameter increment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its dependency on tree age, (2) effects of disturbance events on tree growth and the methods of detecting disturbances and (3) relationship between radial growth of pines and climatic factors on Käsmu peninsula. Increment cores were colleted from three heath forest study sites in Käsmu peninsula. The widths of tree-rings, earlywood and latewood were measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Measured samples were crossdated and standardised. Regression analysis was used to study diameter increment growth and its dependency on tree age. Several functions were fitted with diameter data. Study sites were compared with state forest stands using difference model based on Estonian forest inventory data. Four different growth release methods were used to identify stand disturbances. In order to analyse relationship between climate and tree growth, correlation and response function analysis, moving correlation analysis, pointer year analysis and superposed epoch analysis were used. The study used climatic data (monthly average, maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation) from Kunda weather station from 1947 to 2011. Logarithmic function and quadratic parabola were best fitted to describe relation between diameter and age. Average diameter at study sites at age 50 exceeded diameter of state forests in lichen type pine forests, which may be caused by improved stand site index during the last 30 years. Pine looper moth (Bupalus piniaria L.) outbreaks were detected in 1928-1930 and 1981-1983. Stand disturbances were detected during 1875- 1899, 1935-1944, 1960-1969 and 1990-1999. Plausible causes are extreme weather events and anthropogenic factors (logging). Warm temperatures in spring, summer and autumn had positive effect on tree growth, while cold temperatures in May in the beginning of growing season and heavy rainfall in previous year July proved to be most limiting on radial growth.
According to Estonian forest policy, the main objectives in forestry are to retain vitality and productivity of forests, thereby preserving efficient and diverse forest use according to principle of sustainable development. In order to do that, it’s important to understand the tree radial growth dynamics and relationship between tree growth and climatic factors. The aims of this study were to analyse (1) diameter increment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its dependency on tree age, (2) effects of disturbance events on tree growth and the methods of detecting disturbances and (3) relationship between radial growth of pines and climatic factors on Käsmu peninsula. Increment cores were colleted from three heath forest study sites in Käsmu peninsula. The widths of tree-rings, earlywood and latewood were measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Measured samples were crossdated and standardised. Regression analysis was used to study diameter increment growth and its dependency on tree age. Several functions were fitted with diameter data. Study sites were compared with state forest stands using difference model based on Estonian forest inventory data. Four different growth release methods were used to identify stand disturbances. In order to analyse relationship between climate and tree growth, correlation and response function analysis, moving correlation analysis, pointer year analysis and superposed epoch analysis were used. The study used climatic data (monthly average, maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation) from Kunda weather station from 1947 to 2011. Logarithmic function and quadratic parabola were best fitted to describe relation between diameter and age. Average diameter at study sites at age 50 exceeded diameter of state forests in lichen type pine forests, which may be caused by improved stand site index during the last 30 years. Pine looper moth (Bupalus piniaria L.) outbreaks were detected in 1928-1930 and 1981-1983. Stand disturbances were detected during 1875- 1899, 1935-1944, 1960-1969 and 1990-1999. Plausible causes are extreme weather events and anthropogenic factors (logging). Warm temperatures in spring, summer and autumn had positive effect on tree growth, while cold temperatures in May in the beginning of growing season and heavy rainfall in previous year July proved to be most limiting on radial growth.
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