Hüljatud põllumaade mõju röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete arvukusele tootmispõldudel
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
01.06.2028
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Maksimaalsele tootlikkusele keskendumine põllumajanduses on kaasa toonud maastike
lihtsustumise ja suurendanud kemikaalide kasutamist, mis vähendab elurikkust.
Röövtoidulised lülijalgsed pakuvad loodusliku kahjuritõrje teenust ning toovad sellega
põllumajandustootjatele majanduslikku kasu. Põllumajandusmaastik peaks seetõttu
pakkuma lülijalgsetele sobivaid elu-, varjumis- ja talvitumispaiku.
Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kas ja kuidas mõjutavad hüljatud
alad põllumajandusmaastikul röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete arvukust tootmispõldudel; kas
hüljatud aladel on röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete arvukus ja taksonoomiline mitmekesisus
suurem võrreldes piirnevate tootmispõldudega ning kas hüljatud aladel ja tootmispõldudel
on loodusliku kahjuritõrje potentsiaal sarnane. Uuringus koguti andmeid pinnasepüüniste
katsega ja peibutussööda katsega. Välitööd viidi läbi kolmel päeval: 01.06.2022,
12.07.2022 ja 10.08.2022 Tartumaal. Katseplaan koosnes 6 hüljatud alast, 6
tootmispõllust ehk fookusalast ja 6 kontrollpõllust.
Katse käigus koguti pinnasepüünistega kokku 2608 lülijalgset, kellest 2080 on
röövtoidulise eluviisiga. Kõige rohkem leiti pinnasepüünistest jooksiklasi (943 isendit),
seejärel ämblikulisi (466 isendit). Käesoleva magistritöö tulemustest selgub, et lülijalgsete
koguarvukus ja keskmine arvukus püünise kohta erines oluliselt põllumassiivide vahel.
Arvukus oli kõige väiksem hüljatud aladel (484 isendit, keskmiselt püünise kohta 6,72
± 0,74) ja kõige suurem kontrollpõldudel (960 isendit, keskmiselt püünise kohta 13,33
± 1,64). Teineteisega piirnevate hüljatud alade ja fookusalade vahel oli statistiliselt oluline
erinevus neljal juhul kuuest, neist kolmel juhul oli arvukus fookusalal suurem kui hüljatud
alal. Käesoleva katse tulemused näitasid, et fookusaladel olid röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete
jaoks soodsad toitumistingimused.
Peibutussööda katse tulemused näitasid, et kahjuritõrje teenus oli oluliselt erinev
põllumassiivide omavahelises võrdluses, kuid ei erinenud oluliselt katsealade võrdluses.
Röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete koguarvukust kahjuritõrje teenust põllu põhiselt võrreldes
ilmnes, et koguarvukus ei peegelda otseselt söödud vastsete kõrget protsenti ning on väga
varieeruv erinevate katsealade ja põldude vahel.
Käesolev uurimus näitas, et hüljatud põllumajanduslik maa ei mõjutanud oluliselt
röövtoiduliste lülijalgsete arvukust ja loodusliku kahjuritõrje potentsiaali hüljatud alaga
piirnevatel tootmispõldudel.
Tendency of maximizing productivity in agriculture, which has led to landscape simplification and increased chemical usage, negatively impacts biodiversity. Predatory arthropods provide a natural pest control service and bring economic benefits to farmers. Therefore, it is critical that agricultural landscapes foster suitable habitats for these arthropods. The objective of this study was to determine whether and how abandoned farmlands influence the abundance of predatory arthropods in production fields; whether the abundance and taxonomic diversity of predatory arthropods are higher in abandoned areas compared to adjacent production fields, and whether the potential for natural pest control is comparable between abandoned areas and production fields. The study was conducted in 18 sites in Tartu County, comprising six abandoned farmlands, six fields adjacent to abandoned farmland (referred as focus fields) and six control fields. The fieldwork was conducted on three days: June 1st, July 12th, and August 10th, 2022. The samples was collected using pitfall traps and sentinel prey methods. During the experiment, a total of 2608 arthropods were collected using pitfall traps, of these, 2,080 were predators, the majority being ground beetles (Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae). The results demonstrate that the total and mean abundance per trap of predatory arthropods significantly varied depending on the field type. Abundance was the lowest in abandoned areas and the highest in control fields. A statistically significant difference in abundance was observed between abandoned areas and neighbouring focus fields in four out of six cases, with focus fields having a higher abundance than abandoned areas in three cases. These results indicate that focus fields provide favourable conditions for predatory arthropods. The results from the sentinel prey experiment revealed significant difference in provision of pest control services across all study fields, but no significant differece was found between the field groups (abandoned areas, focus fields, and control fields). The comparison of the abundance of predatory arthropods and the average number of consumed prey (pest control service) between fields revealed that high abundance does not necessarily correspond to a high proportion of prey consumed. This relationship was highly variable among different experimental areas. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that abandoned agricultural land does not significantly impact the abundance of predatory arthropods and the natural pest control potential in neighbouring production fields.
Tendency of maximizing productivity in agriculture, which has led to landscape simplification and increased chemical usage, negatively impacts biodiversity. Predatory arthropods provide a natural pest control service and bring economic benefits to farmers. Therefore, it is critical that agricultural landscapes foster suitable habitats for these arthropods. The objective of this study was to determine whether and how abandoned farmlands influence the abundance of predatory arthropods in production fields; whether the abundance and taxonomic diversity of predatory arthropods are higher in abandoned areas compared to adjacent production fields, and whether the potential for natural pest control is comparable between abandoned areas and production fields. The study was conducted in 18 sites in Tartu County, comprising six abandoned farmlands, six fields adjacent to abandoned farmland (referred as focus fields) and six control fields. The fieldwork was conducted on three days: June 1st, July 12th, and August 10th, 2022. The samples was collected using pitfall traps and sentinel prey methods. During the experiment, a total of 2608 arthropods were collected using pitfall traps, of these, 2,080 were predators, the majority being ground beetles (Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae). The results demonstrate that the total and mean abundance per trap of predatory arthropods significantly varied depending on the field type. Abundance was the lowest in abandoned areas and the highest in control fields. A statistically significant difference in abundance was observed between abandoned areas and neighbouring focus fields in four out of six cases, with focus fields having a higher abundance than abandoned areas in three cases. These results indicate that focus fields provide favourable conditions for predatory arthropods. The results from the sentinel prey experiment revealed significant difference in provision of pest control services across all study fields, but no significant differece was found between the field groups (abandoned areas, focus fields, and control fields). The comparison of the abundance of predatory arthropods and the average number of consumed prey (pest control service) between fields revealed that high abundance does not necessarily correspond to a high proportion of prey consumed. This relationship was highly variable among different experimental areas. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that abandoned agricultural land does not significantly impact the abundance of predatory arthropods and the natural pest control potential in neighbouring production fields.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Keskkonnakorralduse ja -poliitika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, looduslik kahjuritõrje, röövtoidulised lülijalgsed, põllumajandusmaastik