EBI fungitsiidi mõju närvimürgist põhjustatud subletaalsetele häiretele kimalastes
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kimalased on kiletiivaliste seltsi kuuluvad putukad, kes toituvad õietolmust ja nektarist.
Mesilaslaadsete arvukus on hakanud langema ning sellele on arvatud mitmeid põhjuseid:
monokultuurid, elupaikade killustumine, pestitsiidide laialdane kasutamine. Eestis ja mujal
maailmas on leitud õietolmust võetud proovidest erinevate pestitsiidide jääke. Mitme kemikaali
kokkusattumisel võib tekkida sünergia, mis mõjutab organismi toitumist, käitumist ja teisi
parameetreid.
Töö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada fungitsiid tebukonasooli ja insektitsiidi tau-fluvalinaadi ja
nende kahe aine segu mõju kimalaste elueale, toitumisele ja immuunsüsteemile. Katses kasutati
karukimalasi, keda hoiti üheksa päeva inkubaatoris ning jälgiti nende toitumist ja suremust.
Lisaks mõõdeti karukimalaste melanisatsioonitaset, peale kindla aja möödumist pestitsiidiga
kokkupuutel. Uurimistöö tulemusena ei mõjutanud subletaalsed doosid kimalaste eluiga ja
melanisatsiooni taset. Erinevus avaldus tarbitud toidu hulgas, kui kontrollgrupp tarbis oluliselt
suurema koguse söödasiirupit, võrreldes teiste töötlusgruppidega. Lisaks puudus katses kasutatud
kahe pestitsiidi vahel sünergeetiline mõju.
Töö tulemusest järeldab autor, et Eesti põllumajandusmaastikest leitud pestitsiidi jääkide kogused
ei ole kimalastele surmavad, kuid omavad siiski subletaalseid mõjusid, mis põhjustavad putukas
stressi.
Bumblebees are pollinating insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera. They feed on pollen and nectar. The abundance of bees has begun to decline and it's supposed because of several causes: monocultures, fragmentation of habitats, and the widespread use of pesticides. Variety of pesticide residues have been found in samples of pollens collected in Estonia and elsewhere in the World. Different pesticide cocktails may cause a synergy which may lead to changes in bee nutrition, behavior and other parameters. The aim of this work is to determine the effects of the fungicide tebuconazole and insecticide tau-fluvalinate and the mixture of these two substances on the lifespan of the bumblebees, their nutrition and immune system. The experiment is carried out using buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), which were held in an incubator throughout the experiment. During nine days their food consumption and mortality was daily monitored. In addition, bumblebee melanization level was measured after a certain time following their contact with the pesticide. As a result of the study, sublethal doses did not affect the lifespan of the bumblebees nor their melanization level. Differences appeared in the amounts of consumed food as the control group consumed significantly more syrup compared to other treatment groups. Furthermore, there was no synergistic effect between the two pesticides used in the feeding test. From the results of the work, the author concludes that the quantities of pesticide residues found in Estonian agricultural landscapes are not fatal to bumblebees but may induce sublethal effects and stress, which may lead to colony collapse in perspective.
Bumblebees are pollinating insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera. They feed on pollen and nectar. The abundance of bees has begun to decline and it's supposed because of several causes: monocultures, fragmentation of habitats, and the widespread use of pesticides. Variety of pesticide residues have been found in samples of pollens collected in Estonia and elsewhere in the World. Different pesticide cocktails may cause a synergy which may lead to changes in bee nutrition, behavior and other parameters. The aim of this work is to determine the effects of the fungicide tebuconazole and insecticide tau-fluvalinate and the mixture of these two substances on the lifespan of the bumblebees, their nutrition and immune system. The experiment is carried out using buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), which were held in an incubator throughout the experiment. During nine days their food consumption and mortality was daily monitored. In addition, bumblebee melanization level was measured after a certain time following their contact with the pesticide. As a result of the study, sublethal doses did not affect the lifespan of the bumblebees nor their melanization level. Differences appeared in the amounts of consumed food as the control group consumed significantly more syrup compared to other treatment groups. Furthermore, there was no synergistic effect between the two pesticides used in the feeding test. From the results of the work, the author concludes that the quantities of pesticide residues found in Estonian agricultural landscapes are not fatal to bumblebees but may induce sublethal effects and stress, which may lead to colony collapse in perspective.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, kimalased, fungitsiidid