Talinisu saagi- ja kvaliteedinäitajad sõltuvalt viljelusviisist
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Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Antud uurimustöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, viljelusviisi ja orgaaniliste ning
mineraalsete lämmastikväetiste mõju talinisu kvaliteedile ja saagikusele. Püstitatud
hüpoteesid olid: 1) viljelusviis mõjutab olulisel määral talinisu saagikust ja kvaliteeti;
2) tavasüsteemis kasvanud talinisu on tänu mineraalsele lämmastikule küll suurema
proteiini- ja gluteenisisaldusega, kuid mahesüsteemis kasvanud talinisu teised
kvaliteedinäitajad on paremad. Tulemused on saadud 2008. a Eerikale rajatud Eesti
Maaülikooli pikaajaliselt põldkatselt katseaastate 2014–2015 andmete põhjal.
Mahetootmine ja mahetoodete tarbimine on järjest suurenenud ning suure tõenäosusega
kasvab ka tulevikus. Sellest tulenevalt tõuseb ka nisu kui ühe kõige tähtsama
põllumajanduses viljeldava kultuuri kasvupindala. Samas on kõige olulisem aspekt
mahetoidu juures siiski selle tervislikkus. Seetõttu on ka antud uurimustöö keskendunud
nisu kvaliteedinäitajate erinevuse hindamisele tava- ja maheviljelussüsteemis.
Uurimustöö tulemuste põhjal sai kinnitust hüpoteesis toodud väide, et mineraalset
lämmastikku saanud tavasüsteemi variantidel saadakse usutavalt kõrgem terasaak ning
proteiini- ja gluteenisisaldus. Uurimustöö hüpotees, et mahesüsteemis kasvanud talinisu
teised kvaliteedinäitajad on paremad, ei olnud antud katse tulemuste põhjal tõene. Kuigi
esines kõrgemaid väärtusi nii mahe- kui tavasüsteemis, siis kahe viljelusviisi variantide
vahel puudusid usutavad erinevused nii gluteeniindeksi, langemisarvu kui ka pätsi
ruumala ja eriruumala väärtustel. Kiudainete sisaldus oli võrreldes tavasüsteemi enam
mineraalset lämmastikku saanud variantidega mahesüsteemis usutavalt kõrgem. Sellest
tulenevalt võib mahetoodangut pidada kiudainete sisalduse poolest paremaks.
The purpose of this master’s thesis was to study the effects of organic and conventional farming on winter wheat quality and yield. The hypotheses were: 1) winter wheat yield and quality is greatly affected by the cultivation practice; 2) winter wheat in conventional farming has a greater grain yield, protein and gluten content due to the use of mineral nitrogen, however in organic farming the winter wheat other quality parameters are improved. Data used in this thesis was collected during the years 2014–2015 from a long-term field experiment established in 2008 at Eerika in Estonian University of Life Sciences. Organic farming has continually increased. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality of conventionally and organically grown winter wheat. Based on the results, the hypotheses that using conventional growing techniques gives higher grain yield, protein and gluten content was confirmed. Winter wheat grain yields in conventional variants fertilized with mineral nitrogen varied between 5548–5872 kg/ha and in organic farming 3919–4286 kg/ha. The protein content of grains in conventional farming was 9% and 7% higher in 2014–2015, respectively. The second hypotheses that using organic farming practices will result in better quality of other parameters was not confirmed. There were no significant differences between two cultivation practices regarding gluten index, falling number, bread volume and bread volume weight. However, the fiber content was higher in organic system compared to the conventional variants that received higher amounts of mineral nitrogen. Food grown in organic farming can be considered to have higher fiber content.
The purpose of this master’s thesis was to study the effects of organic and conventional farming on winter wheat quality and yield. The hypotheses were: 1) winter wheat yield and quality is greatly affected by the cultivation practice; 2) winter wheat in conventional farming has a greater grain yield, protein and gluten content due to the use of mineral nitrogen, however in organic farming the winter wheat other quality parameters are improved. Data used in this thesis was collected during the years 2014–2015 from a long-term field experiment established in 2008 at Eerika in Estonian University of Life Sciences. Organic farming has continually increased. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality of conventionally and organically grown winter wheat. Based on the results, the hypotheses that using conventional growing techniques gives higher grain yield, protein and gluten content was confirmed. Winter wheat grain yields in conventional variants fertilized with mineral nitrogen varied between 5548–5872 kg/ha and in organic farming 3919–4286 kg/ha. The protein content of grains in conventional farming was 9% and 7% higher in 2014–2015, respectively. The second hypotheses that using organic farming practices will result in better quality of other parameters was not confirmed. There were no significant differences between two cultivation practices regarding gluten index, falling number, bread volume and bread volume weight. However, the fiber content was higher in organic system compared to the conventional variants that received higher amounts of mineral nitrogen. Food grown in organic farming can be considered to have higher fiber content.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
magistritööd, mahepõllumajandus, talinisu, teraviljakasvatus, saagikus, valgusisaldus, kiudained, gluteen, kvaliteet