Pestitsiidide tebukonasooli ja tau-fluvalinaadi mõju mesilasemade arengule
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Mesilasperes on kõige tähtsama funktsiooniga mesilasema. Oma munemisvõimega tagab
ta mesilaspere jätkusuutlikkuse. Ameerika Ühendriikide uuringu järgi on 3% hukkunud
mesilasperedest ilma mesilasemata või on mesilasema niivõrd nõrk, et ta ei suuda tagada
pere reproduktiivsust ning ta tuleb välja vahetada või mesilaspere hukkub. Põhjuseid, miks
mesilasemad surevad või on nõrgad, arvatakse olevat mitmeid – patogeensed bakterid,
keskkondlikud põhjused, leskede madal viljakus jms. Tänapäeval on teadlased kindlaks
teinud, et oluliseks põhjuseks on ka pestitsiidide laialdane kasutamine nii põllumajanduses
kui ka koduaianduses.
Antud diplomitöö eesmärgiks oli uurida, kas ja kuidas mõjutavad vahas olevad
insektitsiidi tau-fluvalinaadi, fungitsiidi tebukonasooli ning kahe aine segu subletaalsed
doosid mesilasema arengut munast valmikuni.
Lähtuvalt diplomitöö eesmärgist, on püstitatud järgnevad hüpoteesid:
Hüpotees I: Insektitsiid tau-fluvalinaadi ja fungitsiid tebukonasooli subletaalsed
doosid vahas mõjutavad mesilasema arengut munast valmikuni ning
toodanguperesse jõudmist.
Hüpotees II: Fungitsiid tebukonasool suurendab oluliselt tau-fluvalinaadi mõju.
Katse käigus lisati vageldusnõela abil kokku 105 vakla (kontrollgrupis tehti kokku 25
kuppu; tebukonasooli grupis 25 kuppu, tau-fluvalinaadi grupis 25 kuppu; segugrupis 30)
ühe kuni kahe päeva vanuseid töölisvaklu. Katses kasutati insektitsiid tau-fluvalinaati
kontsentratsioonis 0,15 µg ja tebukonasooli kontsentratsioonis 4,12 µg 10 grammi
mesilasvaha kohta. Seejärel analüüsiti kunstkuppude vastuvõttu, koorumist, kaalu,
paarumist, koorumisest paarumiseni kulunud aega ning toodanguperre viimise valmidust.
Statistilise analüüsi tulemusena leiti üks oluline seos. Mesilasemade kaal oli
tebukonasooli kui ka segu töötlusgrupi puhul oluliselt kõrgem, kui teiste puhul. Ülejäänud
mõõdetud parameetrite osas statistiliselt olulisi erinevusi ei leitud. Samuti ei leitud nende
kahe aine sünergeetilist mõju.
Katsete tulemuse põhjal võib järeldada, et pestitsiididega kokku puutunud mesilasemade
areng ning jätkusuutlikkus võib olla ohustatud.
The honeybee queen is the most important member of the honeybee colony. With her egglaying ability, she will ensure the sustainability of the colony. Based on the United States survey, 3% of the death honeybee colonies were without the honeybee queen, or the queens were weak enough to ensure the survival of the colonies – therefore, beekeepers must replace them with the new queen or the colony dies. There are many reasons, why the honeybee colonies are weak or dying. For example - pathogenic bacteria, environmental reasons, drones low fertility etc. Today, scientists have determined, that the major reason is the extensive use of pesticides in the agriculture and in the home gardening. The aim of this study was to examine, whether and how affects the insecticide taufluvalinate, fungicide tebuconazole and its two-substance mixtures` sublethal doses of the honeybee queen development from an egg to adult. Based on the purpose of the diploma, has set the following hypotheses: Hypothesis I: Insecticide tau-fluvalinate and fungicide tebuconazole sublethal doses in the wax are affecting the development of the honeybee queen from an egg to adult. Also pesticides affects negatively reaching them to the colony. Hypothesis II: The fungicide tebuconazole significantly increases the effect of taufluvalinate. During the study, a total of 105 (one to two days old) larva were placed in the bottom of the handmade cups (in the control group, 25 cups were made; in the tebuconazole group, 25 cups; in the tau-fluvalinate group, 25 cups and in the mixture group, 30 cups were made). During the study, we used insecticide tau-fluvalinate at a concentration of 0,15 µg and fungicide tebuconazole at a concentration of 4,12 µg 10 grams per organic beeswax. Afterwards we analyzed the reception of the handmade cups, hatching, weight, pairing, pairing time and readiness for placing them to the colony. During the statistical analysis, an important relation was found – honeybee queens weighted a lot more in the groups of tebuconazole and mixture. In the other measured parameters, no statistical relations were found. Also there were no synergetic effect between fungicide and an insecticide. Study results showed that pesticides which were used, didn`t affect the honeybee queen development from an egg to adult substantially.
The honeybee queen is the most important member of the honeybee colony. With her egglaying ability, she will ensure the sustainability of the colony. Based on the United States survey, 3% of the death honeybee colonies were without the honeybee queen, or the queens were weak enough to ensure the survival of the colonies – therefore, beekeepers must replace them with the new queen or the colony dies. There are many reasons, why the honeybee colonies are weak or dying. For example - pathogenic bacteria, environmental reasons, drones low fertility etc. Today, scientists have determined, that the major reason is the extensive use of pesticides in the agriculture and in the home gardening. The aim of this study was to examine, whether and how affects the insecticide taufluvalinate, fungicide tebuconazole and its two-substance mixtures` sublethal doses of the honeybee queen development from an egg to adult. Based on the purpose of the diploma, has set the following hypotheses: Hypothesis I: Insecticide tau-fluvalinate and fungicide tebuconazole sublethal doses in the wax are affecting the development of the honeybee queen from an egg to adult. Also pesticides affects negatively reaching them to the colony. Hypothesis II: The fungicide tebuconazole significantly increases the effect of taufluvalinate. During the study, a total of 105 (one to two days old) larva were placed in the bottom of the handmade cups (in the control group, 25 cups were made; in the tebuconazole group, 25 cups; in the tau-fluvalinate group, 25 cups and in the mixture group, 30 cups were made). During the study, we used insecticide tau-fluvalinate at a concentration of 0,15 µg and fungicide tebuconazole at a concentration of 4,12 µg 10 grams per organic beeswax. Afterwards we analyzed the reception of the handmade cups, hatching, weight, pairing, pairing time and readiness for placing them to the colony. During the statistical analysis, an important relation was found – honeybee queens weighted a lot more in the groups of tebuconazole and mixture. In the other measured parameters, no statistical relations were found. Also there were no synergetic effect between fungicide and an insecticide. Study results showed that pesticides which were used, didn`t affect the honeybee queen development from an egg to adult substantially.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö loodusturismi erialal
Märksõnad
magistritööd, mesilasema, pestitsiidid, meemesilane, ebukonasool, taufluvalinaadid