Role of leaf anatomy in photosynthetic modifications during plant ontogeny and upon environmental acclimation
| dc.contributor.advisor | Niinemets, Ülo (advisor) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kuusk, Vivian | |
| dc.contributor.department | Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences | eng |
| dc.contributor.other | Fernández-Marín, Beatriz (opponent) | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-12-06T16:47:08Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-12-06T16:47:08Z | |
| dc.date.defensed | 2024-12-20 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.description | A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Biology. | eng |
| dc.description | Väitekiri filosoofiadoktori kraadi taotlemiseks rakendusbioloogia erialal. | est |
| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT. To cultivate plant species and varieties best suited to our future environment, it is essential to gain a deep understanding of how plants acclimate to their surrounding conditions and which changes do they undergo during their life. The internal structure of plants, plant anatomy, plays a crucial role in this acclimation. This study focuses on investigating the anatomical and physiological changes that occur during plant aging and in response to high growth temperatures. Plants are the most important component of Earth's ecosystem, as the existence of all other living organisms depends on them. Since plants cannot change their location, they have evolved the ability to adapt to environmental conditions and modify themselves as needed. For young plants, survival and sufficiently rapid growth, including the development of a strong root system and foliage, are of utmost importance. Using three Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis, P. pinea, P. nigra) as examples, we demonstrate how their photosynthetic capacity changes over time depending on the anatomy of their needles and what causes these changes. What makes this study unique is the precise mapping of the changes occurring in the needles as they age and their correlation with photosynthetic capacity. The second aim of this study is to investigate the effects of elevated growth temperatures on plant anatomy and isoprene emission. Almost all plant leaves emit isoprene, the most abundant volatile compound globally, whose emission is strongly influenced by the plant's growth environment. Isoprene is highly chemically reactive and significantly impacts atmospheric chemistry. Given its widespread importance, a detailed understanding of all aspects of its emission is essential to ensure more accurate models and future predictions related to isoprene. This study demonstrates that elevated growth temperatures substantially alter leaf anatomy, which in turn affects photosynthesis and isoprene emission per leaf area. The research aims and succeeds to gain a better understanding of the anatomical changes in plants under challenging conditions: when a young plant establishes itself in its habitat and when it grows under temperatures higher than normal for the species. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | LÜHIKOKKUVÕTE. Selleks, et tulevikus kasvatada meie keskkonda kõige paremini sobivaid taimeliike ja –sorte, on vaja süvitsi aru saada sellest, kuidas taimed ümbritseva loodusega kohanevad ning milliseid muutusi nad elu jooksul läbivad. Kohanemisel mängib olulist rolli taimede siseehitus ehk anatoomia ja antud töö keskendubki anatoomiliste ja füsioloogiliste muutuste uurimisele, mis leiavad aset taime vananemise käigus ning vastusena kõrgele kasvutemperatuurile. Taimed on Maa ökosüsteemi kõige olulisem komponent, sest neist sõltub kõigi teiste elusolendite eksistents. Kuna taimed ei saa asukohta vahetada, siis on neil evolutsiooni käigus tekkinud võime oludega kohaneda ja ennast vastavalt vajadusele muuta. Kui taim on alles väike, on tema jaoks kõige olulisem ellujäämine ja piisavalt kiire kasvamine, tugeva juurestiku ja lehestiku kasvatamine. Kolme Vahemeremaades kasvava männi (Pinus halepensis, P. pinea, P. nigra) näitel demonstreerime, kuidas okaste anatoomiast sõltuvalt nende fotosünteesivõime ajas muutub ning mis seda põhjustab. Töö teeb unikaalseks okastes vanuse suurenedes aset leidvate muutuste täpne kaardistamine ning nende seostamine fotosünteesivõimega. Töö teine eesmärk on harilikust kõrgema kasvutemperatuuri mõju uurimine taimeanatoomiale ja isopreeni eritamisele. Isopreeni eritavad peaaegu kõikide taimede lehed. See on kõige levinum lenduvühend maailmas, mille emissiooni mõjutab tugevalt taime kasvukeskkond. Isopreen on keemiliselt väga reaktiivne ning mõjutab seetõttu tugevalt atmosfäärikeemiat. Kuna tegemist on laialt levinud üliolulise ainega, siis on vaja täpselt teada selle eritumise kõiki nüansse, et isopreeniga seotud mudelid ning tulevikuennustused oleksid täpsemad. Antud uurimistöö näitab, et kasvuaegne kõrgem temperatuur muudab olulisel määral lehe anatoomiat ning sellest tulenevalt ka fotosünteesi ning isopreeni eritumist lehe pindala kohta. Tööde eesmärk oli paremini mõista taimede anatoomias toimuvaid muutusi, mis leiavad aset nende jaoks keerulistes tingimustes: kui noor taim ennast oma kasvukohal sisse seab ning kui taim peab kasvama tema jaoks normaalsest kõrgemal temperatuuril. | est |
| dc.description.abstract | Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Science and by the Doctoral School of Earth Science and Ecology created under the auspices of European Social Fund. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | This study was supported by the European Commission through the European Research Council advanced grant 322603, SIPVOL+, the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the Estonian Research Council team grant PRG537, the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education grant IUT-8-3, the Estonian Science Foundation grant 9253, the European Commission through the European Regional Fund (the Center of Excellence in Environmental Adaptation) and the Estonian Research Council grant ETAG PRG 2207. | eng |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Science and by the Doctoral School of Earth Science and Ecology created under the auspices of European Social Fund. | eng |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This study was supported by the European Commission through the European Research Council advanced grant 322603, SIPVOL+, the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the Estonian Research Council team grant PRG537, the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education grant IUT-8-3, the Estonian Science Foundation grant 9253, the European Commission through the European Regional Fund (the Center of Excellence in Environmental Adaptation) and the Estonian Research Council grant ETAG PRG 2207. | eng |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9916-91-011-5 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2382-7076 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10492/9512 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.146 | |
| dc.publisher | Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Doctoral Theses of the Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Eesti Maaülikooli doktoritööd | est |
| dc.rights | © Vivian Kuusk, 2024 | |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | eng |
| dc.rights.uri | https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/Riigikogu/act/519062017005/consolide | est |
| dc.subject | dissertations | eng |
| dc.subject | Green University (thesis is related to EMÜ Green University iniciative’s aims) | eng |
| dc.subject | acclimatization | eng |
| dc.subject | plant physiology | eng |
| dc.subject | plant anatomy | eng |
| dc.subject | pine tree | eng |
| dc.subject | aspen | eng |
| dc.title | Role of leaf anatomy in photosynthetic modifications during plant ontogeny and upon environmental acclimation | eng |
| dc.title.alternative | Taimelehtede sisestruktuuri vanusest ja kasvamisaegsest temperatuurist tingitud muutused | est |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | eng |
| dc.type.qualificationname | PhD |
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