Viljelussüsteemide mõju hooghännalistele
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
31.08.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Järjest rohkem intensiivsem põllumajandus ja vajadus suurema hulga toidu järele tekitab
aina suureneva surve looduslikele ökosüsteemidele, sealhulgas ka põllumuldadele.
Olulisemaks on muutunud põllumuldade tervise ja liigirikkuse jätkusuutlikkuse tagamine
erinevate viljeluspraktikatega. Üheks olulisematest mullaökosüsteemi osadest on
hooghännalised, kes tegelevad mullas orgaanilise aine lagundamisega. Hooghännalisi
mõjutavad mullas mitmed erinevad tegurid nagu ilmastik, mullaharimine, mineraalväetised,
orgaanilise aine hulk ja pestitsiidid. Antud töö eesmärk oli uurida nii tava- kui
maheviljelusviiside mõju hooghännaliste arvukusele ja liigilisele mitmekesisusele. Töös
analüüsiti 2022 aasta aprillis Põllumajandus- ja Keskkonnainstituudi katsepõllul Eerikal
pikaajalise külvikorra katselt võetud proovide tulemusi. Katses oli 7 erinevat
viljelussüsteemi, millest 4 olid tavaviljelus- ja 3 maheviljelussüsteemid. Katsetulemustest
selgus, et hooghännaliste arvukus ja liigiline mitmekesisus ei erinenud usutavalt mahe- ja
tavasüsteemide vahel. Kõige enam mõjutas arvukust mulda viidava biomassi hulk, mis oli
suurim variantides, kus oli rohkem sisendeid. Selgus ka, et ainult vahekultuuride
kasvatamine mahekülvikorras hooghännaliste arvukust ei mõjuta. Üleüldine
hooghännaliste arvukus katses jäi aga madalaks ja seda ilmselt seetõttu, et proovid võeti aprillis, kui Eesti tingimustes on temperatuurid ikkagi veel liiga jahedad. Seega tuleks
edaspidi võimalusel proove võtta ka muul ajal.
The increasing intensity of agriculture and growing demand for larger amount of food are putting pressure on natural ecosystems, including agricultural soils. Sustaining field soil health and species diversity with different crop management practises has become more important than ever before. One of the most important parts of soil fauna are springtails, who are responsible for decomposing organic matter. Springtails can be influenced by various factors such as weather, tillage, mineral fertilizers, amount of organic matter and pesticides. The aim of this study was to investigate conventional- and organic farming system effects on springtail abundance and species diversity. Analyzed data was gathered from samples taken from Estonian University of Life Sciences Eerika research field long term crop rotation test plots. The experiment included seven different crop management systems, with four conventional and three organic systems. The results showed no significant differences in springtail abundance and species diversity between conventional and organic management systems. The most important factor was quantity of biomass which was higher in systems with greater inputs. It was also found that cover crops did not have significant effect on springtail abundance in organic systems. Overall springtail abundance in the study remained low, likely due to sampling taking place in April when weather in Estonia can still be quite cold, which may not be suitable for springtail activity. Considering this, future studies should consider sampling at different times.
The increasing intensity of agriculture and growing demand for larger amount of food are putting pressure on natural ecosystems, including agricultural soils. Sustaining field soil health and species diversity with different crop management practises has become more important than ever before. One of the most important parts of soil fauna are springtails, who are responsible for decomposing organic matter. Springtails can be influenced by various factors such as weather, tillage, mineral fertilizers, amount of organic matter and pesticides. The aim of this study was to investigate conventional- and organic farming system effects on springtail abundance and species diversity. Analyzed data was gathered from samples taken from Estonian University of Life Sciences Eerika research field long term crop rotation test plots. The experiment included seven different crop management systems, with four conventional and three organic systems. The results showed no significant differences in springtail abundance and species diversity between conventional and organic management systems. The most important factor was quantity of biomass which was higher in systems with greater inputs. It was also found that cover crops did not have significant effect on springtail abundance in organic systems. Overall springtail abundance in the study remained low, likely due to sampling taking place in April when weather in Estonia can still be quite cold, which may not be suitable for springtail activity. Considering this, future studies should consider sampling at different times.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, hooghännalised, viljelusviisid, arvukus, liigiline mitmekesisus, mulla ökosüsteem, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), keskkonnateadvus, keskkonnaharidus