Metsauuendusekspertiiside analüüs 2017-2023 aasta andmete alusel ja võimalik mõju metsatööstusele tulevikus
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
10.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Metsade majandamisest tähtis lõik on metsade uuendamine, mis hõlmab küpse metsa
uuendusraiet ja seejärel metsaomaniku valikul tegevusi, mis tagaks seaduses nõutud aja
möödudes metsa uuenemise. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on analüüsida
metsauuendusekspertiiside alusel uuenemise edukust erinevate kasvukohtade, omanike,
puuliikide lõikes ja aja suhtes ning tulemuste võimalikku mõju süsiniku sidumise ja
tööstuse vaatest.
Töö jaoks on koostatud metsauuendusekspertiisidest andmestik ajavahemikust 2017. aasta
september kuni 2023. aasta detsember. Andmestik koosnes algselt 101588-st reast, milles
oli 38212 metsauuendusekspertiisi andmed.
Töö tulemustena leiti enamsupuuliikide muutus andmestiku üldkogumis ja erinevate
omanike lõikes. Üldkogumis on okaspuu alade suur pindala langus, vastupidiselt
lehtpuude pindala kasv. Uuenemise edukus erinevate uuendusvõtete lõikes andis
tulemuseks kultiveerimise edukama tulemuse, seevastu külvi ja loodusliku uuenemise
kaasaaitamise tulemused olid halvemad. Uuenemise sõltuvus metsateatise ja
metsauuendusekspertiisi vahelisest ajast andis eelise kultiveerimisele. Süsiniku sidumise
vaatest on kaasikute pindala kasv positiivne, kuna on tegemist tiheda ja kiirekasvulise
puuga, mis on otseses seoses süsiniku hulga sidumisega. Süsiniku sidumine pikaks
perioodiks, on okaspuude pindalalise kahanemise valguses negatiivne. Samuti on pikas perspektiivis okaspuu töötlejatel ette näha toorme vähenemist. Seevastu kase ja haava ja
sanglepa toormekogused selleks ajaks kasvavad.
Antud töö jätkuna oleks võimalik teha uuring, mille käigus tehakse andmestikust mingi
aja möödudes valim ja hinnatakse looduses alade olukorda ja arengut ajas. Töös on
käsitletud ka metsauuendusekspertiisi teisel kohal olevat puuliiki ja võimalikku alade
muutust hooldamise läbi. Samuti on olemas kõikide leitud puuliikide arvud hekatri kohta.
Sellest lähtuvalt oleks võimalik hinnata omanike aktiivsust metsahooldustöödes
suunamaks metsade arengut.
Töö tulemusest võib olla kasu arvestamaks uuendamisvõtete valikut mõnes kindlas
kasvukohas, mille uuendamisel näiteks ainult mineraliseerimine ei anna tulemust – näiteks
sinilille kasvukoht. Samuti võiks olla kasu pikalt ettemõtlevale metsaomanikule, kes leiab,
et kui tulevikus okaspuud jääb palju vähemaks, siis selle väärtus võib ajas rohkem
kasvada.
An important part of forest management is forest renewal, which includes renewal felling of mature forest and then, at the choice of the forest owner, activities that would ensure the renewal of the forest after the time required by the law. The purpose of this work is to analyze the success of regeneration based on forest regeneration expertise in terms of different growth sites, owners, tree species and time, and the possible impact of the results from the point of view of carbon sequestration and forest industry. For the work, a dataset of forest renewal expertise has been compiled from September 2017 to December 2023. The database originally consisted of 101588 rows with data from 38212 forest renewal expertise. As a result of the work, a change in the the dominant tree species was found in the general set of the dataset and across different owners. In the general population, there is a large decrease in the area of coniferous areas, on the contrary, there is an increase in the area of deciduous trees. The success of regeneration in terms of different regeneration techniques resulted in a more successful result of reforestation, while the results of seeding and assisting natural regeneration were worse. The dependence of renewal on the time between forest notification and forest renewal expertise gave an advantage to cultivation. From the point of view of carbon sequestration, the increase in the surface area of the birch is positive, as it is a dense and fast-growing tree, which is directly related to the sequestration of the amount of carbon. Carbon sequestration for a long period is negative in the light of the area reduction of conifers. Also, in the long term, softwood processors can expect a decrease in raw materials. On the other hand, the raw quantities of birch and aspen and black alder will increase by that time. As a continuation of this work, it would be possible to conduct a study, during which a sample is made from the database after some time has passed and the situation and development of the areas in nature are evaluated over time. The paper also discusses the second-ranked tree species in forest renewal expertise and the possible change of areas through maintenance. There are also numbers of all tree species found per hectare. Based on this, it would be possible to assess the owners activity in forest maintenance work to guide the development of forests. The result of the work can be useful to consider the selection of renewal methods in some specific growth sites, which, for example, only scarification does not give results when renewing - for example Hepatica site type. It could also be useful for a forest owner who has a long view, who finds that if there are much fewer conifers in the future, its value can increase over time.
An important part of forest management is forest renewal, which includes renewal felling of mature forest and then, at the choice of the forest owner, activities that would ensure the renewal of the forest after the time required by the law. The purpose of this work is to analyze the success of regeneration based on forest regeneration expertise in terms of different growth sites, owners, tree species and time, and the possible impact of the results from the point of view of carbon sequestration and forest industry. For the work, a dataset of forest renewal expertise has been compiled from September 2017 to December 2023. The database originally consisted of 101588 rows with data from 38212 forest renewal expertise. As a result of the work, a change in the the dominant tree species was found in the general set of the dataset and across different owners. In the general population, there is a large decrease in the area of coniferous areas, on the contrary, there is an increase in the area of deciduous trees. The success of regeneration in terms of different regeneration techniques resulted in a more successful result of reforestation, while the results of seeding and assisting natural regeneration were worse. The dependence of renewal on the time between forest notification and forest renewal expertise gave an advantage to cultivation. From the point of view of carbon sequestration, the increase in the surface area of the birch is positive, as it is a dense and fast-growing tree, which is directly related to the sequestration of the amount of carbon. Carbon sequestration for a long period is negative in the light of the area reduction of conifers. Also, in the long term, softwood processors can expect a decrease in raw materials. On the other hand, the raw quantities of birch and aspen and black alder will increase by that time. As a continuation of this work, it would be possible to conduct a study, during which a sample is made from the database after some time has passed and the situation and development of the areas in nature are evaluated over time. The paper also discusses the second-ranked tree species in forest renewal expertise and the possible change of areas through maintenance. There are also numbers of all tree species found per hectare. Based on this, it would be possible to assess the owners activity in forest maintenance work to guide the development of forests. The result of the work can be useful to consider the selection of renewal methods in some specific growth sites, which, for example, only scarification does not give results when renewing - for example Hepatica site type. It could also be useful for a forest owner who has a long view, who finds that if there are much fewer conifers in the future, its value can increase over time.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Metsatööstuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, metsauuendusekspertiis, metsauuendus, metsauuendusvõtted, süsiniku sidumine, looduslik uuenemine