Mullastiku varieeruvus Tartu maakonna põllumassiividel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
08.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Maa kasutamist tuleb senisest enam hoolikamalt planeerida väärtusliku põllumajandusmaa
ja mulla kaitseks ning jätkusuutlike maakasutusotsuste tegemiseks. Põhiliste puudustena
võib välja tuua väärtusliku põllumajandusmaa ja mulla kaitset tagavate regulatsioonide
vähesuse.
Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärk on iseloomustada Tartu maakonna üle 2 hektari suuruste
põllumassiivide mullastiku varieeruvust. Põllumassiividel on uuritav osa jagatud
omakorda kaheks – võrreldes mulla omaduste erinevusi põllumassiivi kesk- ja äärealadel.
Uuriti, kas ja kui suures ulatuses varieerub mulla boniteet ja maapinna kõrgus
põllumassiivide piires. Põllumassiivide kesk- ja äärealadel uuriti mulla boniteedi erinevusi,
ning kas ja kui suures ulatuses erineb turvasmuldade osatähtsus.
Eesmärgi saavutamiseks analüüsiti Maa-ameti Eesti topograafia andmekogu (ETAK),
mullastiku ja maapinna kõrgusmudeli andmeid. Mullastiku omaduste hindamiseks arvutati
keskmised boniteedid, leiti mullakontuuride arv ning hinnati turvasmuldade levikut
põllumassiivil.
Töö tulemusena selgus, et põllumassiivid on sarnased ning mulla boniteedi varieeruvus
põllu kesk- ja äärealadel on väike. Põllumassiive, kus kesk- ja äärealade boniteet on
sarnane ja boniteedi erinevus ei ületa ± 2 punkti, on arvuliselt 78,0% maatükkidest.
Põllumassiive, kus keskala boniteet on enam kui 2 punkti kõrgem, kui äärealal, on
arvuliselt 14,0%. Põllumassiive, kus ääreala boniteet on enam kui 2 punkti kõrgem, kui
keskalal, on 8,0% maatükkidest. Mida suurem on põllumassiiv, seda rohkem on seal
erinevaid mullakontuure. Suurel osal põllumassiividest jääb mullakontuuride arv
vahemikku 1-45. Põllumassiive, mis koosnesid ainult ühest mulla kontuurist, oli kokku 78.
Väga suure mullakontuuride arvuga põlde on pindalaliselt ja arvuliselt vähe.
Maksimaalselt oli massiivil 262 kontuuri.
Uurimus on oluline ja edaspidised uuringud vajalikud, sest järjest rohkemates piirkondades
mullastiku omaduste uurimine ja väärtusliku põllumajandusmaa määramine annab
põhjalikuma ülevaate olukorrast Eestis.
Land use must be planned more carefully to ensure the protection of valuable agricultural land and soil as well as to promote sustainable land use decisions. The main shortcoming is the lack of regulations safeguarding valuable agricultural land and soil. The purpose of this thesis is to characterise the soil variability of agricultural parcels in Tartu County that exceed two hectares in size. The study area of agricultural parcels is divided into two – comparing differences in soil properties between the central and peripheral areas of agricultural parcels. It was examined whether and to what extent the soil quality rating and altitude varied within the agricultural parcels. Differences in soil quality rating between the central and peripheral areas of agricultural parcels were examined and it was assessed whether and to what extent the proportion of peat soils differs. To achieve the purpose, data from the Estonian Topographic Database (ETD) of the Land Board as well as the digital surface model and digital terrain model were analysed. To assess soil properties, average soil quality ratings were calculated, the number of soil contours was determined and the distribution of peat soils within the agricultural parcel was analysed. The results of the thesis showed that the agricultural parcels are similar, with minimal variation in soil quality ratings between the central and peripheral areas of the parcel. Agricultural parcels, where the central and peripheral areas had a similar quality rating and the quality rating difference did not exceed ± 2 points, accounted for 78.0% of the parcels. Agricultural parcels, where the quality rating in the central area was more than 2 points higher than in the peripheral area, accounted for 14.0% of the parcels. Agricultural parcels, where the quality rating in the peripheral area was more than 2 points higher than in the central area, accounted for 8.0% of the parcels. The larger the agricultural parcel, the more different soil contours there are. The number of soil contours in most of the agricultural parcels remained between 1 and 45. There were a total of 78 agricultural parcels that consisted of only one soil contour. In terms of area and number, there were few agricultural parcels with a large number of soil contours. The highest number of contours within a single agricultural parcel was 262. This study is important and further research is needed: the examination of soil properties in more and more areas and the identification of valuable agricultural land contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the situation in Estonia.
Land use must be planned more carefully to ensure the protection of valuable agricultural land and soil as well as to promote sustainable land use decisions. The main shortcoming is the lack of regulations safeguarding valuable agricultural land and soil. The purpose of this thesis is to characterise the soil variability of agricultural parcels in Tartu County that exceed two hectares in size. The study area of agricultural parcels is divided into two – comparing differences in soil properties between the central and peripheral areas of agricultural parcels. It was examined whether and to what extent the soil quality rating and altitude varied within the agricultural parcels. Differences in soil quality rating between the central and peripheral areas of agricultural parcels were examined and it was assessed whether and to what extent the proportion of peat soils differs. To achieve the purpose, data from the Estonian Topographic Database (ETD) of the Land Board as well as the digital surface model and digital terrain model were analysed. To assess soil properties, average soil quality ratings were calculated, the number of soil contours was determined and the distribution of peat soils within the agricultural parcel was analysed. The results of the thesis showed that the agricultural parcels are similar, with minimal variation in soil quality ratings between the central and peripheral areas of the parcel. Agricultural parcels, where the central and peripheral areas had a similar quality rating and the quality rating difference did not exceed ± 2 points, accounted for 78.0% of the parcels. Agricultural parcels, where the quality rating in the central area was more than 2 points higher than in the peripheral area, accounted for 14.0% of the parcels. Agricultural parcels, where the quality rating in the peripheral area was more than 2 points higher than in the central area, accounted for 8.0% of the parcels. The larger the agricultural parcel, the more different soil contours there are. The number of soil contours in most of the agricultural parcels remained between 1 and 45. There were a total of 78 agricultural parcels that consisted of only one soil contour. In terms of area and number, there were few agricultural parcels with a large number of soil contours. The highest number of contours within a single agricultural parcel was 262. This study is important and further research is needed: the examination of soil properties in more and more areas and the identification of valuable agricultural land contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the situation in Estonia.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Geodeesia, kinnisvara- ja maakorralduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, väärtuslik põllumajandusmaa, ruumilised omadused, mulla viljakus