Mahetootmisega lõpetamise põhjused aastatel 2019–2021
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadav alates
02.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Mahepõllumajandus on üha enam populaarsust koguv majandusharu, mille eesmärgiks on
keskkonnahoid ning ökoloogilise tasakaalu saavutamine ja säilitamine. Mahepõllumajanduse
praktikatega on võimalik aidata vähendada negatiivseid keskkonnamõjusid, mida toob endaga
kaasa tavapõllumajandus. 2030. aastaks näeb “Talust taldrikule” strateegia ette, et Euroopa
põllumajandusmaast on majandatud mahepõllumajanduslikult 25%, Eestis oli see näitaja 2020.
aastal juba 23%. Vaatamata sellele on viimasel kolmel aastal mahetunnustatud ettevõtete arv
langenud ning 2020. aastal langes esimest korda ka mahepõllumajandusmaa. Magistritöö
eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada ja anda ülevaade peamistest põhjustest, miks aastatel 2019–2021
loobusid Eesti mahetootjad tunnustatud mahetootmisest. Lisaks selgitada välja, milliseid
probleeme esines neil taime- ja loomakasvatuses tootmisega, töötlemisega ja turustamisega,
millised olid majanduslikud probleemid ning muud mahetootmisega seotud ja mitteseotud
probleemid. Käesoleva töö tulemusi võrreldi 2011. aastal koostatud magistritööga, mis uuris
mahetootmisega lõpetamise põhjuseid aastatel 2009–2010. Töös kasutatud andmed koguti
küsimustiku kaudu, mille valimisse kuulusid 2019–2021. aastatel mahetootmise lõpetanud
ettevõtjad. Küsitlusele vastas 76 vastajat.
Töö tulemustes selgus, et mahetootjatel olid peamised majanduslikud probleemid, tootmise
rentalaablusprobleemid (tulud ei kata kulusid), toetused olid liiga väikesed ja tunti puudust
riigipoolsest toest valdkonnale. Üldiste probleemidena toodi välja ka keerulist paberimajandust ja
asjaajamist. Mahetaimekasvatuses olid peamisteks probleemideks sobivate rendimaade puudus, madal mullaviljakus ja sobivate masinate puudus ning nende amortiseerumine.
Maheloomakasvatuses olid peamisteks probleemideks sobivate masinate puudus ja nende
amortiseerumine, (mahe)sööda kõrge hind ning raskused nõuetekohaste pidamistingimuste
tagamisega.
Organic farming is an increasingly popular agricultural sector with the aim of preserving and maintaining the ecological balance. Organic farming can help minimize the negative enironmental impacts of conventional farming. By 2030 the Farm to Fork Strategy stipulates that 25% of European agricultural land has to be managed organically, in Estonia this indicator was 23% in 2020. Despite of that, the number of organic farms has decreased in the last three years and 2020 was the first time when the area of organic land has decreased. The aim of this master’s thesis was to study the reasons for starting and opting out of organic farming, what problems entrepreneures had in organic plant and animal production, processing and marketing. In addition, the master’s thesis examined economic issues and any other issues what could be related to organic production and what were not directly releated to organic production. The results of this thesis are compared with previous master’s thesis on the same topic, which was composed in 2011. The data used in this thesis were collected through a questionnaire which was sent to entrepreneurs who opted out from organic production in 2019–2021. The questionnaire had 76 respondents. The study revealed that organic producers had mainly economic problems, where revenues do not cover costs, subsidies were too small and there was a lack of support for the sector from the government. Complicated paperwork and administration were also mentioned as general problems. Main problems in organic crop production were lack of suitable rental land, low soil fertilty and the lack of suitable machinery and their depreciation. Main problems in organic livestock farming were the lack of suitable machinery and its depreciation, the high cost of (organic)feed and ensuring proper keeping conditions for animals.
Organic farming is an increasingly popular agricultural sector with the aim of preserving and maintaining the ecological balance. Organic farming can help minimize the negative enironmental impacts of conventional farming. By 2030 the Farm to Fork Strategy stipulates that 25% of European agricultural land has to be managed organically, in Estonia this indicator was 23% in 2020. Despite of that, the number of organic farms has decreased in the last three years and 2020 was the first time when the area of organic land has decreased. The aim of this master’s thesis was to study the reasons for starting and opting out of organic farming, what problems entrepreneures had in organic plant and animal production, processing and marketing. In addition, the master’s thesis examined economic issues and any other issues what could be related to organic production and what were not directly releated to organic production. The results of this thesis are compared with previous master’s thesis on the same topic, which was composed in 2011. The data used in this thesis were collected through a questionnaire which was sent to entrepreneurs who opted out from organic production in 2019–2021. The questionnaire had 76 respondents. The study revealed that organic producers had mainly economic problems, where revenues do not cover costs, subsidies were too small and there was a lack of support for the sector from the government. Complicated paperwork and administration were also mentioned as general problems. Main problems in organic crop production were lack of suitable rental land, low soil fertilty and the lack of suitable machinery and their depreciation. Main problems in organic livestock farming were the lack of suitable machinery and its depreciation, the high cost of (organic)feed and ensuring proper keeping conditions for animals.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Keskkonnakorralduse ja -poliitika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, mahepõllumajandus, tootmisega lõpetamine, mahetootmise tingimused, maheloomakasvatus, mahetaimekasvatus