Vanade loodusmetsade ökosüsteemi teenuste majandusliku väärtuse hindamine Järvselja põlismetsa näitel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2013
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Ökosüsteemi teenuste käsitlus on leidnud üha rohkem tähelepanu nii globaalsel,
regionaalsel kui ka kohalikul tasandil. Kuna loodushüved on sisendiks
majandustegevusele, siis on oluline arvestada keskkonna teenuste olemasolu ja väärtust
majandusarvestuses. Piiratud eelarvete tingimustes on vajalik majanduslikult
argumenteerida ka keskkonnakaitselised tegevused ning investeeringud. Kõigele sellele
peab aga eelnema ökosüsteemide poolt pakutavate teenuste hindamine.
Käesoleva töö eesmärgid olid määratleda Järvselja põlismetsa kui Natura 2000
elupaigatüübi ökosüsteemi teenused ja hinnata nende majanduslikud väärtused.
Eesmärkide saavutamiseks kasutati tunnustatud keskkonnaökonoomika meetodeidtingliku
hindamise meetod, turuhinna meetod, kuludel põhinev meetod. Metoodikate
valimisel lähtuti sellest, milliseid meetodeid on sarnastes uurimustes kasutatud ning kas
tegemist on turul müüdava või mitte-müüdava teenusega.
Järvselja põlismetsa teenusteks määrati elurikkus, puit, turism, teadus/haridus ja
süsiniku sidumine. Teenused valiti vastavalt ekspertrühmade seas läbiviidud
ankeetküsitluse tulemusele ning vajalike andmete olemasolule. Hindamise tulemusel
saadi järgnevad majanduslikud väärtused (2012. aasta hindades): elurikkus- 8,2 milj.
€/a, puit- 4910 €/a, turism- 64 000-79 000 €/a, teadus/haridus- 775 600 €/a. Süsiniku
sidumise väärtust selles uurimuses ei hinnatud. Tulemuste kokkuvõttes peab arvestama
metoodikate puuduseid ning asjaolu, et leitud majanduslikke väärtuseid ei saa omistada
100%-liselt põlismetsale. Seda põhjusel, et mõnede teenuste hindamisel kasutatud
andmed on seotud suurema alaga kui ainult põlismetsaga.
Käesolev töö on Eestis esimene, mis hindab metsade ökosüsteemi teenuseid eraldi ja
sellest tulenevalt ei ole võrdlusmaterjali. Uuritav ala on väike ja väliskirjanduses olevad
uuringud on suurema haardega. Mastaapide erinevusest tingitult ei ole soovitatav
käesolevat tööd nendega võrrelda.
Kuna riigi huvi on erinevate ökosüsteemide teenused kaardistada ja hinnata, siis
käesoleva töö tulemusi võiks kasutada teiste sarnaste vanade loodusmetsade
ökosüsteemi teenuste hindamisel. Sellisel juhul peab siiski alati arvestama erisustega.
Siinkohal oleks soovitatav hinnata veel mõnede esinduslike vanade loodusmetsade
teenuseid, et üldistused ja hinnangud ei oleks tehtud vaid ühe uurimuse põhjal.
The approach of ecosystem services has found more attention as on global, regional and local level. The nature goods are input for economic activities and because of that, it is important to consider the existence and value of ecosystem services in accounting. In the condition of limited budgets the environmental activities and investments have to be financially reasoned. This all needs the valuation of ecosystem services. The aims of this research were to define the ecosystem services of the Virgin Forest of Järvselja as habitat of Natura 2000 Network and to evaluate their economic values. For that purpose the acknowledged methods of environmental economy were used-contingent valuation method, market price method and cost based method. The choice of methods was based on other similar researches and whether the service is cashable on market or not. The ecosystem services of the Virgin Forest of Järvselja are biodiversity, wood production, recreation, science/education and carbon sequestration. The choice of services was based on questioning among experts and the availability of essential data. The results were following (in prices of year 2012): biodiveristy- 8,2 mil. €/a, wood production- 4910 €/a, recreation- 64 000-79 000 €/a, science/eduaction- 775 600 €/a. The value of carbon sequstration was not found in this research. In the case of results the weaknesses of methods and fact that all found economic values cannot assign to Virgin Forest, have to be consider. This is because of the used data are related with bigger area than only Virgin Forest. Present work is the first research in Estonia which evaluate forest ecosystem services and consequently of this there is no comparable material. The examinee area is small and foreign researchs usually have a wider scope. Because the diffirences of scale, it is not eligible to comapre former with this work. The concern of state is to map and evaluate ecostystem services. Hereby the outcomes of present work should be used to evaluate the ecosystem services of similar old-growth forests. Then always the specialties have to be consider. At this point it is advisable to evaluate some more old-growth forests ecosystems. This exlude the generalizations and estimations which have been done on the basis of only one research.
The approach of ecosystem services has found more attention as on global, regional and local level. The nature goods are input for economic activities and because of that, it is important to consider the existence and value of ecosystem services in accounting. In the condition of limited budgets the environmental activities and investments have to be financially reasoned. This all needs the valuation of ecosystem services. The aims of this research were to define the ecosystem services of the Virgin Forest of Järvselja as habitat of Natura 2000 Network and to evaluate their economic values. For that purpose the acknowledged methods of environmental economy were used-contingent valuation method, market price method and cost based method. The choice of methods was based on other similar researches and whether the service is cashable on market or not. The ecosystem services of the Virgin Forest of Järvselja are biodiversity, wood production, recreation, science/education and carbon sequestration. The choice of services was based on questioning among experts and the availability of essential data. The results were following (in prices of year 2012): biodiveristy- 8,2 mil. €/a, wood production- 4910 €/a, recreation- 64 000-79 000 €/a, science/eduaction- 775 600 €/a. The value of carbon sequstration was not found in this research. In the case of results the weaknesses of methods and fact that all found economic values cannot assign to Virgin Forest, have to be consider. This is because of the used data are related with bigger area than only Virgin Forest. Present work is the first research in Estonia which evaluate forest ecosystem services and consequently of this there is no comparable material. The examinee area is small and foreign researchs usually have a wider scope. Because the diffirences of scale, it is not eligible to comapre former with this work. The concern of state is to map and evaluate ecostystem services. Hereby the outcomes of present work should be used to evaluate the ecosystem services of similar old-growth forests. Then always the specialties have to be consider. At this point it is advisable to evaluate some more old-growth forests ecosystems. This exlude the generalizations and estimations which have been done on the basis of only one research.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
loodusmetsad, Järvselja põlismets, ökosüsteemi teenused, magistritööd