Maisisilo fermentatsiooni mõjutavad tegurid
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Magistritöös uuriti heksli pikkuse ja hoidla tiheduse mõju maisisilo keemilisele koostisele,
toiteväärtusele ja fermentatsiooni kvaliteedile. Selleks võeti siloproovid 25-st ettevõtte
söötmiseks avatud maisisilo hoidla frondist kahes kordused. Silohoidla tiheduse määramiseks
kasutati firma „Lallemand“ spetsiaalset puuri, maisisilo heksli pikkuse määramiseks
kasutati sõelade komplekti (ing. keeles Penn State Forage Particle Separator),
mis on välja töötatud ja juurutatud Ameerika Ühendriikides. Silo keemilise koostise ja
fermentatsiooni kvaliteedi näitajad analüüsiti Eesti Maaülikooli söötmisteaduse õppetooli
laboratooriumis.
Maisisilo on Eestis suhteliselt uus sööt veiste söödaratsioonides ja selle valmistamise
kogemused vähesed ja tehnoloogilised võtted väga erinevad. Keskmine maisisilo heksli
pikkus kõikus vahemikus 6,9–15,7 mm ja silohoidla kuivaine tihedus 158,6–289,0 kg/m3
.
Maisisilo heksli pikkus ja hoidla tihedus ei avaldanud olulist mõju silo keemilisele
koostisele, küll aga fermentatsiooninäitajatele. Maisisilo heksli pikkusest ei sõltunud
antud uuringus ka hoidla tihedus, enam mõjutab seda tallamise intensiivsus ja kasutatav
tehnoloogia. Mida väiksem on maisisilo tihedus hoidlas, seda suurem on äädikhappe- ja
väiksem piimhappesisaldus. Piimhappesisaldusel silos on oluline mõju nii silo pH-le kui
hapete kogusummale. Kuigi maisisilo fermenteerub hästi, tuleb kvaliteetse ja hästi
söödava silo saamiseks kinni pidada kõikidest silo valmistamise hea tava tehnoloogilistest
võtetest, pöörates seejuures tähelepanu samuti optimaalsele maisi heksli pikkusele ja
tallamise efektiivsusele sõltuvalt haljasmassi kuivainesisaldusest.
In this Master thesis particle size and storage density effect on maize silage chemical composition, nutrition value and fermentation quality were studied. The samples of silage were taken from 25 farms. Samples were taken twice from opened maize silage storage. A Lallemand drill was used to measure the density of silage storage and a set of sieves (Penn state Forage Particle Separator, USA) was used to determine maize silage particle lengths. The chemical composition and fermentation quality were analyzed in the laboratory of feed analyses and metabolism at the Estonian University of Life Sciences. In Estonia maize silage is a relatively novel feed for cattle and there are few practical examples for producing it, and technological techniques vary widely. In this study the mean particle lengths of maize silage fluctuated from 6.9-15.7 mm, and silage storage density varied from 158.6-289.0 kg/m3 . The particle size and storage density of the maize silage had no significant influence on silage chemical composition, but there were effects on fermentation indicators. The particle size also had no affect on the density in storage, which depended more on the packing intensity and the technology used. The smaller the density of maize silage in storage the greater is the acetic acid concentration and the smaller the lactic acid concentration. The lactic acid concentration has an important influence on pH and the total amount of acids. Although the maize silage fermented well there is need to take carewith good silage making tecnological methods to ensure good quality feed that is palatable. Also there is a need to pay attention to optimal maize particle size and packing efficiency, which should depend on the crop dry matter content.
In this Master thesis particle size and storage density effect on maize silage chemical composition, nutrition value and fermentation quality were studied. The samples of silage were taken from 25 farms. Samples were taken twice from opened maize silage storage. A Lallemand drill was used to measure the density of silage storage and a set of sieves (Penn state Forage Particle Separator, USA) was used to determine maize silage particle lengths. The chemical composition and fermentation quality were analyzed in the laboratory of feed analyses and metabolism at the Estonian University of Life Sciences. In Estonia maize silage is a relatively novel feed for cattle and there are few practical examples for producing it, and technological techniques vary widely. In this study the mean particle lengths of maize silage fluctuated from 6.9-15.7 mm, and silage storage density varied from 158.6-289.0 kg/m3 . The particle size and storage density of the maize silage had no significant influence on silage chemical composition, but there were effects on fermentation indicators. The particle size also had no affect on the density in storage, which depended more on the packing intensity and the technology used. The smaller the density of maize silage in storage the greater is the acetic acid concentration and the smaller the lactic acid concentration. The lactic acid concentration has an important influence on pH and the total amount of acids. Although the maize silage fermented well there is need to take carewith good silage making tecnological methods to ensure good quality feed that is palatable. Also there is a need to pay attention to optimal maize particle size and packing efficiency, which should depend on the crop dry matter content.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Loomakasvatuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, mais, temperatuur, tallamine, sileerimine