Introduced assessment of agrestic legumes in the middle Urals
Laen...
Kuupäev
2021
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Karpukhin, M.Yu.
Abramchuk, A.V.
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Currently, in fodder production industry, there is an acute problem of finding legumes
that are well adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Urals, possessing great
longevity, as well as high fodder values. In the Middle Urals, as well as in the Russian Federation,
as a whole, legumes valuable for forage from wild vicia and peavine species are still not used in
culture. Both of these genuses are of great practical interest for their introduction into culture.
They significantly differ from legumes traditionally used in fodder production in a number of
parameters: long longevity (7–10 years in natural phytocenoses), resistance to a complex of
natural and climatic conditions (rather high winter hardiness), early regrowth in spring. The
purpose of the experiment is to reveal the characteristics of the growth and development of
perennial wild legumes under conditions of introduction. The tasks of the study included the
determination of the height and average daily growth dynamics, the timing of the passage of
phenological phases, and the productivity of aboveground biomass.
Research methods. The study on the introduction of agrestic legumes was carried out in the
‘Uralets’ educational and experimental farm (2005–2012), located in the Beloyarsky district of
the Sverdlovsk region on the educational and experimental field of the crop production and
breeding department. The experimental design includes 3 options: 1 opt. - Vicia sylvatica L.
(forest vicia - control); 2 opt. - Lathyrus pisiformis L. (pea-shaped peavine); 3 opt. - Lathyrus
pratensis L. (meadow peavine). The use of grass stand is single-cut, mowing carried out in the
phase of mass flowering of the plants studied. To identify the floristic composition dynamics, a
complete geobotanical description of vegetation was carried out. The following botanical
composition was distinguished: introduced (cenose-forming) species: Vicia sylvatica L., Lathyrus
pisiformis L., Lathyrus pratensis L.; non-seeded species - this group includes all wild-growing
species (grasses and forbs) that have invaded the vegetation cover.
Results. During the study it was established that the earliest regrowth is characteristic of peashaped peavine, it significantly outpaced other types of legumes in its development. The different
phyto-cenotic stability of the cenose-forming species in the grass stand was discovered, the
highest observed in the meadow peavine.
The productivity of aboveground biomass in meadow peavine (by year of study) was significantly
higher than in other studied species; on average for 2006–2012 it amounted to 15.3 t ha-1
, which
is 1.9 t ha-1 higher than forest vicia and 4.6 t ha-1 more than pea-shaped peavine. Scientific
novelty. For the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, the growth and development
features of wild perennial species from the family Fabaceae: Vicia sylvatica L., Lathyrus
pisiformis L., Lathyrus pratensis L., were studied.
Kirjeldus
Received: August 19th, 2020 ; Accepted: November 12th, 2020 ; Published: December 1st, 2020 ; Correspondence: mkarpukhin@yandex.ru
Märksõnad
introduction, characteristics of growth and development, forest vicia, pea-shaped peavine, meadow peavine, articles