Fosfororgaanilise insektitsiidi Danadim subletaalne mõju metsa-süsijooksiku põhikäitumistele
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Jooksiklased on taimekaitseliselt väga olulised mardikalised. Nad on hinnatud oma suure biotõrje efektiivsuse tõttu, hävitades põllukahjureid ning vähendades umbrohtude seemnepanka. Paraku puutuvad nad kokku putukamürkidega, mis on mõeldud kahjurputukate hävitamiseks, kuid võivad avaldavad mõju ka kasuritele. Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks oli selgitada fosfororgaanilise insektitsiidi Danadim subletaalsete kontsentratsioonide mõju metsa-süsijooksiku P. oblongopunctatus põhikäitumistele – lokomotsioonile ja toitumiskatiivsusele. Katsemardikate töötlemiseks kasutati fosfororgaanilise insektitsiidi Danadim (toimeaine dimetoaat) erinevaid subletaalseid kontsentratsioone (toimeaine kontsentratsioonid 0,0025%; 0,005%; 0,025%). Jooksiklasi töödeldi sissekastmismeetodiga, mis kestis viis sekundit. Katsemardikate käitumist videofilmiti kahel järjestikusel päeval. Tulemused näitasid, et muutused käitumises ja toitumises sõltusid insektitsiidi kontsentratsioonist ja töötlusele järgnenud ajast. Esimesel katsepäeval olid kõik insektitsiidiga töödeldud mardikad hüpoaktiivsed, seda täheldati ka teisel päeval kõigil, va nõrgima kontsentratsiooniga töödeldud loomadel, kes muutusid hüperaktiivseteks. Hüpoaktiivsete mardikate toitumisaktiivsus oli pärsitud mõlemal päeval. Hüperaktiivsete mardikate toitumine ei erinenud kontroll-rühmast. Pärsitud toitumis- ja liikumisaktiivsus tähendab seda, et ka nende bioefektiivsus langeb, nad ei ole võimelised toitu leidma ja hankima.
Due to their high biocontrol efficiency, carabids play a crucial role in plant protection. They are natural enemies of many important agricultural insect pests, as well as they reduce local weed seed banks. Inevitably, they are exposed to various pesticides that are meant for pests, yet may also affect beneficial insects. The aim of this study was to assess the sublethal effects of the organophosphorus insecticide Danadim (active ingredient dimethoate) on basic behaviours – locomotion and feeding activity – of P. oblongopunctatus. A dipping method was used to expose, for five seconds, the test beetles to various sublethal concentrations (active ingredient concentrations 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.025%) of the insecticide. After the treatment, the behaviour of the test beetles was video recorded during two days. Results showed that the changes in feeding and locomotor activity depended on the insecticide concentration and time following treatment. On the first day, all beetles treated with insecticides were hypoactive. They remained the same on the second day, with the exception of the beetles treated with the lowest concentration. Feeding activity was subdued on hypoactive beetles. The feeding activity of hyperactive beetles did not differ from the control beetles. Restricted feeding and locomotor activity causes the decline in bio-efficiency because the carabids are not able to locate and consume food.
Due to their high biocontrol efficiency, carabids play a crucial role in plant protection. They are natural enemies of many important agricultural insect pests, as well as they reduce local weed seed banks. Inevitably, they are exposed to various pesticides that are meant for pests, yet may also affect beneficial insects. The aim of this study was to assess the sublethal effects of the organophosphorus insecticide Danadim (active ingredient dimethoate) on basic behaviours – locomotion and feeding activity – of P. oblongopunctatus. A dipping method was used to expose, for five seconds, the test beetles to various sublethal concentrations (active ingredient concentrations 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.025%) of the insecticide. After the treatment, the behaviour of the test beetles was video recorded during two days. Results showed that the changes in feeding and locomotor activity depended on the insecticide concentration and time following treatment. On the first day, all beetles treated with insecticides were hypoactive. They remained the same on the second day, with the exception of the beetles treated with the lowest concentration. Feeding activity was subdued on hypoactive beetles. The feeding activity of hyperactive beetles did not differ from the control beetles. Restricted feeding and locomotor activity causes the decline in bio-efficiency because the carabids are not able to locate and consume food.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, jooksiklased, toitumisaktiivsus, lokomotsioon