Antagonistlike seente mõju kartuli musta kärna tekitaja Rhizoctonia Solani tõrjes
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
29.08.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Haigustekitaja Rhizoctonia solani põhjustatud kartuli mustkärn, on laialdaselt levinud ja majandusliku tähtsusega haigus, mille tõrje probleemid seisnevad patogeeni pikaajalisel säilivusel mullas ning patogeeni resistentsuse tekkel keemiliste kaitsevahendite vastu. Viimastel aastatel on suurenenud huvi keskkonnasõbralike tõrjemeetodite vastu, sealhulgas Trichoderma perekonna antagonistlike seente kasutamisel. Töö eesmärgiks oli hinnata 13 erineva Trichoderma tüve antagonistlikku mõju haigustekitaja suhtes In vitro tingimustes kahel temperatuuril: 10 °C ja 18 °C. Töö teoreetilises osas anti ülevaade biotõrje põhimõtetest, Rhizoctonia solani olemusest, mõjust taimekasvatusele ning tõrjemeetoditest. Laborikatse viidi läbi Eesti Maaülikooli fütopatoloogia laboris, kahe kultuuri kokkukülvina. Patogeeni kasvu inhibeerimist mõõdeti koloonia pindala alusel pilditöötlusprogrammis Image J. Tulemused näitasid, et tüvede inhibitsioonivõime varieerus sõltuvalt tüvest ja temperatuurist. Kõrgeima inhibeerimisvõimega tüveks osutus Eestist pärit TC 9 (Trichoderma viridescens) inhibitsioonivõimega, mille puhul tuli esile kõrge patogeeni allasurumise võimekus nii kõrgemate kui madalate temperatuuride juures (80,60% kõrgema temperatuuri ja 60,63% madalama temperatuuri juures). Mitmed teised kohaliku päritoluga tüved näitasid häid tulemusi patogeeni allasurumisel. Töö tulemused loovad hea aluse edasistele rakendusuuringutele põldkatsete tasandil ning aitavad kaasa keskkonnasõbralike alternatiivide väljetöötamisel haiguse tõrjeks jahedamas kliimas.
Black scurf of potato, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is a widespread and economically significant disease. Its control is complicated by the long-term survival of the pathogen in the soil and the development of resistance to chemical plant protection products. In recent years, interest has grown in environmentally friendly control methods, including the use of antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of 13 different Trichoderma strains against the pathogen under in vitro conditions at two temperatures: 10 °C and 18 °C. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the principles of biological control, the characteristics and agricultural impact of Rhizoctonia solani, and available control methods. The laboratory experiment was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Estonian University of Life Sciences using the dual culture method. Pathogen growth inhibition was assessed based on colony area using the ImageJ software.The results showed that inhibition capacity varied significantly depending on the strain and temperature. The most effective strain was TC 9 (Trichoderma viridescens), isolated in Estonia, with an inhibition rate of 80.60% at the lower temperature and 60.63% at the higher temperature. Several other local strains also showed promising results in limiting pathogen growth.These findings provide a solid foundation for further applied research at the field level and support the development of environmentally friendly alternatives for controlling this disease.
Black scurf of potato, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is a widespread and economically significant disease. Its control is complicated by the long-term survival of the pathogen in the soil and the development of resistance to chemical plant protection products. In recent years, interest has grown in environmentally friendly control methods, including the use of antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of 13 different Trichoderma strains against the pathogen under in vitro conditions at two temperatures: 10 °C and 18 °C. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the principles of biological control, the characteristics and agricultural impact of Rhizoctonia solani, and available control methods. The laboratory experiment was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Estonian University of Life Sciences using the dual culture method. Pathogen growth inhibition was assessed based on colony area using the ImageJ software.The results showed that inhibition capacity varied significantly depending on the strain and temperature. The most effective strain was TC 9 (Trichoderma viridescens), isolated in Estonia, with an inhibition rate of 80.60% at the lower temperature and 60.63% at the higher temperature. Several other local strains also showed promising results in limiting pathogen growth.These findings provide a solid foundation for further applied research at the field level and support the development of environmentally friendly alternatives for controlling this disease.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmine ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, biotõrje, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma, antagonism, kartuli mustkärn