Eesti suurte ujurlaste elupaigaeelistused ja ruumiline jaotus seisuveekogudes
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Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
08.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Vee-eluliste mardikate hulka kuuluvad suured ujurlased on kogu maailmas alauuritud rühm. Eestist on neist leitud kaheksa liiki: pirnujur (Cybister lateralimarginalis), kollaserv-ujur (Dytiscus marginalis), süda-ujur (D. dimidiatus), oga-ujur (D. circumcinctus), raba-ujur (D. lapponicus), lääne-ujur (D. semisulcatus), tume ujur (D. circumflexus) ja lai ujur (D. latissimus). Lai ujur on looduskaitse all. Teadmisi on vähe ka liikide elupaigaeelistustest. See bakalaureusetöö püstitab kolm uurimisküsimust: 1) Kas erinevad liigid eelistavad erinevaid elupaiku 2) Kas eelistused veekogude pindalade suhtes erinevad, 3) Kas isendid jaotuvad veekogus ühtlaselt? Selle uurimiseks tehti 1154 pudelpüünistega seirepüüki 161 Eesti erineva seisuveekogu kaldavööndis. Tulemusi korrigeeriti ja analüüsiti andmeprogrammis LibreOffice Calc ja statistikaprogrammis R. Pirnujur oli kõrge arvukusega ja eelistas elada suure pindalaga looduslikes järvedes ning tehisjärvedes. Kollaserv-ujur oli samuti arvukas, kuid teda leidus rohkem väikese pindalaga tiikides. Süda-ujurit oli ohtralt ja ta eelistas kõige rohkem asustada rannikujärvi ja tiike. Oga-ujur oli madala arvukusega ja tal puudusid pindala eelistused, teda leidus kõige rohkem tiikides. Raba-ujur oli madala arvukusega ja elas valdavalt rabalaugastes. Lai ujur oli vähearvukas, eelistas suurema pindalaga veekogusid ja esines kõige rohkem rannikujärvedes. Lääne-ujur polnud arvukas ja eelistas elada Lääne-Eestis, peamiselt rannikujärvedes. Tume-ujurit ei saadud ühtegi isendit. Suurte ujurlaste isendid polnud veekogude siseselt ühtlaselt jaotunud. Enamasti olid nad koondunud tiheda taimestikuga kohtadesse.
Large diving beetles are an understudied animal group. In Estonia, eight species have been found: peardrop diving beetle (Cybister lateralimarginalis), great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis), king diving beetle (D. dimidiatus), ringed diving beetle (D. circumcinctus), highland diving beetle (D. lapponicus), black-bellied diving beetle (D. semisulcatus), wasp diving beetle (D. circumflexus) and the broadest diver (D. latissimus). D. latissimus is a protected species. Knowledge about their preferred habitats is also limited. This thesis addressed three research questions: 1) Do the habitat preferences of different species differ? 2) Do the different species prefer water bodies with different areas? 3) Are the individuals distributed evenly within the water bodies? The beetles were captured using 1154 bottle traps in the littoral zones of 161 different standing water bodies. The data about catches were corrected and the analyses were performed using LibreOffice Calc and the statistics program R. The results revealed that C. lateralimarginalis was numerous and preferred natural and artificial lakes with large surface area. D. marginalis was also numerous, but preferred mostly ponds with small surface area. D. dimidiatus was abundant and was frequently found in coastal lakes and ponds. D. circumcinctus was rare, showed no clear area preference. D. lapponicus was not numerous and preferred bog pools. D. latissimus was sparse, preferred large surface area and was most often found in coastal lakes. D. semisulcatus was found only in western Estonia, mostly in coastal lakes. D. circumflexus was not met. Within water bodies, the individuals of rhe beetles were not evenly distributed, concentrating mostly to plant-rich areas.
Large diving beetles are an understudied animal group. In Estonia, eight species have been found: peardrop diving beetle (Cybister lateralimarginalis), great diving beetle (Dytiscus marginalis), king diving beetle (D. dimidiatus), ringed diving beetle (D. circumcinctus), highland diving beetle (D. lapponicus), black-bellied diving beetle (D. semisulcatus), wasp diving beetle (D. circumflexus) and the broadest diver (D. latissimus). D. latissimus is a protected species. Knowledge about their preferred habitats is also limited. This thesis addressed three research questions: 1) Do the habitat preferences of different species differ? 2) Do the different species prefer water bodies with different areas? 3) Are the individuals distributed evenly within the water bodies? The beetles were captured using 1154 bottle traps in the littoral zones of 161 different standing water bodies. The data about catches were corrected and the analyses were performed using LibreOffice Calc and the statistics program R. The results revealed that C. lateralimarginalis was numerous and preferred natural and artificial lakes with large surface area. D. marginalis was also numerous, but preferred mostly ponds with small surface area. D. dimidiatus was abundant and was frequently found in coastal lakes and ponds. D. circumcinctus was rare, showed no clear area preference. D. lapponicus was not numerous and preferred bog pools. D. latissimus was sparse, preferred large surface area and was most often found in coastal lakes. D. semisulcatus was found only in western Estonia, mostly in coastal lakes. D. circumflexus was not met. Within water bodies, the individuals of rhe beetles were not evenly distributed, concentrating mostly to plant-rich areas.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Kalanduse ja rakendusökoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, ujurlased, Dytiscus, Cybister, järv, tehisjärv, tiik