Lactiplantibacillus plantarum tüvede ja aflatoksiin B1 vastastiktoime
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
08.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Hallitusseened on sagedased toiduainete saastajad, kuna viimased pakuvad hallituse
arenguks sobivat kasvukeskkonda. Hallitusseened on võimelised produtseerima
mükotoksiine, millest peamiseks toiduainete saastajaks on aflatoksiin, mis avaldab
inimeste ja loomade tervisele mitmeid kahjulikke omadusi, näiteks põhjustab maksavähki.
Efektiivseks meetodiks toksiini kontsentratsiooni vähendamisel toidus on kasutada
bioloogilisi vahendeid nagu piimhappebaktereid, mis on võimelised toksiini endaga
siduma. Kirjanduse andmetel on tuvastatud ka aflatoksiini poolt avaldatav mõju
piimhappebakteritele, näiteks nende kasvule ja süsivesikute fermenteerimisprotsessile,
mistõttu on oluline uurida toksiini ja piimhappebakterite vahelist toimet.
Magistritöö eesmärk on nii teaduskirjanduse kui ka eksperimentaalse töö alusel anda
ülevaade aflatoksiinidest, nende ohtlikkusest ja toksiini kontsentratsiooni vähendamise
võimalustest toidus ning tuvastada aflatoksiin B1 (AFB1) ning erinevate
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum tüvede omavaheline antagonistlik mõju.
Töö raames teostati katsed hindamaks AFB1 mõju erinevate, leivajuuretistest isoleeritud,
L. plantarum tüvede fermentatiivsetele omadustele ning selgitati, milline on erineva
genotüübiga elus vs surmatud L. plantarum tüvede võimekus siduda AFB1. Selgus, et
AFB1 ei avaldanud bakterite süsivesikute fermentatsioonile olulist mõju, kuid katse näitas,
et algselt arvatud 5 tüve asemel võib tegemist olla hoopis 8 erineva tüvega. Kõik uuritud
L. plantarum tüved (nii elus kui ka surmatud) sidusid efektiivselt (ligi 100%) AFB1.
Võrreldes surmatud rakkudega sidusid AFB1 efektiivsemalt elusad rakud (p<0,001).
Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et L. plantarum on efektiivne AFB1 siduja ning edasised
uuringud on olulised tuvastamaks täpsemaid parameetreid ja keskkonnatingimusi, mille
juures seondumine on efektiivseim.
Molds are frequent food contaminants, as the latter provide a suitable growth environment for mold development. Molds are capable of producing mycotoxins, of which the main food contaminant is aflatoxin, which has several harmful properties for human and animal health, such as causing liver cancer. An effective method for reducing the concentration of the toxin in food is to use biological agents such as lactic acid bacteria, which are able to bind the toxin. The literature has also identified the effects of aflatoxin on lactic acid bacteria, mainly on their growth and on the carbohydrate fermentation process, so it is important to study the interaction between the toxin and lactic acid bacteria. The aim of the master's thesis is to provide an overview of aflatoxins, their danger and the possibilities of reducing the toxin concentration in food, and to identify the antagonistic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and different strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the basis of both scientific literature and experimental work. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on the fermentative properties of different L. plantarum strains isolated from bread leavens, and to find out the ability of live vs. dead L. plantarum strains of different genotypes to bind AFB1. It turned out that AFB1 did not have a significant effect on the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, but the experiment showed that instead of the originally considered 5 strains, there may be 8 different strains. All studied strains of L. plantarum (both live and dead) efficiently (almost 100%) bound AFB1. Compared to dead cells, AFB1 was more efficiently bound by live cells (p<0.001). In conclusion, it can be said that L. plantarum is an effective AFB1 binder, and further studies are important to identify more precise parameters and environmental conditions under which binding is most effective.
Molds are frequent food contaminants, as the latter provide a suitable growth environment for mold development. Molds are capable of producing mycotoxins, of which the main food contaminant is aflatoxin, which has several harmful properties for human and animal health, such as causing liver cancer. An effective method for reducing the concentration of the toxin in food is to use biological agents such as lactic acid bacteria, which are able to bind the toxin. The literature has also identified the effects of aflatoxin on lactic acid bacteria, mainly on their growth and on the carbohydrate fermentation process, so it is important to study the interaction between the toxin and lactic acid bacteria. The aim of the master's thesis is to provide an overview of aflatoxins, their danger and the possibilities of reducing the toxin concentration in food, and to identify the antagonistic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and different strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the basis of both scientific literature and experimental work. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on the fermentative properties of different L. plantarum strains isolated from bread leavens, and to find out the ability of live vs. dead L. plantarum strains of different genotypes to bind AFB1. It turned out that AFB1 did not have a significant effect on the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, but the experiment showed that instead of the originally considered 5 strains, there may be 8 different strains. All studied strains of L. plantarum (both live and dead) efficiently (almost 100%) bound AFB1. Compared to dead cells, AFB1 was more efficiently bound by live cells (p<0.001). In conclusion, it can be said that L. plantarum is an effective AFB1 binder, and further studies are important to identify more precise parameters and environmental conditions under which binding is most effective.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Toiduainete tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, piimhappebakterid, ELISA, mükotoksiinid, toiduohutus, fermentatsioon