Pestitsiidide tau-fluvalinaadi ja tebukonasooli mõju kimalaste füsioloogiale ja suremusele
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Kuupäev
2015
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Ajakirja pealkiri
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Meemesilaste (Apis mellifera) ja kimalaste (Bombus sp) arvukus on pidevas languse
trendis eelkõige intensiivselt majandatavatel põllumajanduslikel aladel. Põllumajanduse
intensiivistumine toob kaasa ka laialdase pestitsiidide kasutamise, mida peetakse üheks
tolmeldajate arvukuse vähenemise põhjuseks. Antud uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli välja
selgitada kuidas mõjutavad insektitsiid tau-fluvalinaat ja fungitsiid tebukonasool, ning
nende kahe aine segu kimalaste füsioloogilisi näitajaid ja suremust, kui nad tarbivad
saastunud toitu pikema perioodi jooksul. Füsioloogiliste katsete puhul kasutati läbivoolurespiromeetrit,
mille abil mõõdeti pestitsiidide väikeste dooside mõju kimalaste
ainevahetusele ja veekaole. Suremuse katse puhul jälgiti pestitsiididega töödeldud
söödasegusid tarbinud kimalaste suremust päevade lõikes.
Uurimistöö tulemustest selgub, et ka väikesed pestitsiidide doosid mõjutavad kimalaste
füsioloogiat ja suremust. Tau-fluvalinaat üksiku ainena põhjustas kimalastes olulist veekao
langust. Lisaks suurendas mainitud insektitsiid oluliselt kimalaste suremust 18 °C juures.
Tebukonasool üksi ei mõjutanud ei füsioloogilisi näitajaid ega ka suremust. Tuleb ka
märkida, et 28 °C juures puudus tau-fluvalinaadil üksiku ainena oluline mõju kimalaste
suremusele. Fungitsiidi tebukonasooli ja insektitsiidi tau-fluvalinaadi segu suurendas
oluliselt kimalaste suremust 28 °C juures.
The abundance of bumblebees (Bombus sp) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) is continuously declining across the world in intensively managaed agricultural regions. The widespread use of pesticides, mostly associated with intensive agriculture, have been claimed to play an important role in the decrease of pollinators. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect and co-effect of low doses of insecticide tau-fluvalinate and fungicide tebuconazole on bumblebee physiological charecteristics and longevity when they feed on contaminated pollen for longer period of time. In the physiological experiment the metabolic rate and water loss rate were measured in flow-through respirometry. In the longevity experiment the bumblebees were observed daily until they died. The current study proved that the sublethal doses of pesticides have an impact on the physiology and longevity of bumblebees. Tau-fluvalinate caused a significant decrease in water loss rate of the bumblebees. Tau-fluvalinate also decreased the longevity of bumblebees on 18 °C. Tebuconazole alone did not have any significant impacts on bumblebees physilogy and longevity. The results showed also that the combination of two pesticides had a coeffect and caused a significant decrease in the longevity of the bumblebees at 28 °C.
The abundance of bumblebees (Bombus sp) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) is continuously declining across the world in intensively managaed agricultural regions. The widespread use of pesticides, mostly associated with intensive agriculture, have been claimed to play an important role in the decrease of pollinators. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect and co-effect of low doses of insecticide tau-fluvalinate and fungicide tebuconazole on bumblebee physiological charecteristics and longevity when they feed on contaminated pollen for longer period of time. In the physiological experiment the metabolic rate and water loss rate were measured in flow-through respirometry. In the longevity experiment the bumblebees were observed daily until they died. The current study proved that the sublethal doses of pesticides have an impact on the physiology and longevity of bumblebees. Tau-fluvalinate caused a significant decrease in water loss rate of the bumblebees. Tau-fluvalinate also decreased the longevity of bumblebees on 18 °C. Tebuconazole alone did not have any significant impacts on bumblebees physilogy and longevity. The results showed also that the combination of two pesticides had a coeffect and caused a significant decrease in the longevity of the bumblebees at 28 °C.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
magistritööd, kimalane, Bombus terrestris L., taimekaitsevahendid, ainevahetus, ainevahetushäired, suremus, tomeldajad, veekadu