Talinisu terasaagi kujunemine mahe- ja tavaviljeluses
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Kängsep, Madis
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Pidev diskussioon selle üle, kummal viljelussüsteemil on terasaak suurem oli põhjus, miks loodi 2008. aastal Eesti Maaülikooli katsepõllule Eerikale mahe- ja tavatootmist võrdlev katse. Katse eesmärgiks oli võrrelda talinisu terasaagi kujunemist mahe- ja tavaviljeluses. Töös võrreldakse 2013.–2017. aasta andmeid. Katse oli üles ehitatud süstemaatilise plokksüsteemina neljas korduses, katselapi pindala oli 60 m2. Kasutuses oli seitse erinevat väetusvarianti. Mahesüsteemi variante oli 3: Org 0, Org I, Org II, kus lämmastiku allikaks oli vastavalt liblikõieliste poolt sümbiootiliselt seotud õhulämmastik, lisaks õhulämmastikule talviste vahekultuuride poolt seotud lämmastik ja kahele eelnevale lisaks veel hästi komposteerinud sõnnik. Tavasüsteemi variandid (v.a. N0) N50, N100, N150 said lisaks liblikõielistele ka mineraallämmastikku. Mahesüsteemi variandid olid tavasüsteemi väetatud variantidest aastate keskmisena terasaagilt 28‒37% väiksemad. Lämmastiku kättesaadavuse ebaregulaarsus põhjustas maheviljeluses väiksema saagi. Mida suurem on biomass, seda suurem on ka teradesse kogunev toitainete kogus, mis suurendab terade massi ja mahumassi. Maapealse biomassi suurus oli tavasüsteemi mineraallämmastikuga väetatud variantidel võrreldes mahesüsteemi variantidega 20–38% suurem. Aasta ilmastik mõjutas talvitumist ja taimede arvu pinnaühikul 59% ulatuses, väetisvariandi mõju ei olnud usutav.
The continuous discussions over whether grain yield is higher than the conventional, was the reason why the long term field trial was set up in 2008 in Eerika at the Estonian University of Life Sciences to compare the influence of organic and conventional systems on different crop yields and quality. The aim of this test was to compare the grain yield of winter wheat in organic and conventional systems. The period studied was 2013-2017. Field trial was set up systematically in quadruplicate and plot size was 60 m2. In the field trial seven different nitrogen variants were used. Organic system variants were 3 (Org 0, Org I, Org II ) where a source of nitrogen were legume crops, additionally the catch crops and composted manure, respectively. In conventional system the amounts of mineral nitrogen were 50, 100 and 150 kg N per ha and control variant without nitrogen (in tables and figures noticed N50, N100, N150 and N0, respectively). The mean grain yield of winter wheat in organic variants over trial years were lower 28‒37% than in conventional variants. The irregular nitrogen availability in organic system caused the lower grain yield level. The above ground biomass of winter wheat was positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and test weight. The yield of above ground biomass in fertilised variants of conventional system was 20–38% higher than in organic system. The wintering and the number of wheat plants per unit of area was influenced by climatic conditions (from variance analysis by 59%). The influence of fertilising was not significant.
The continuous discussions over whether grain yield is higher than the conventional, was the reason why the long term field trial was set up in 2008 in Eerika at the Estonian University of Life Sciences to compare the influence of organic and conventional systems on different crop yields and quality. The aim of this test was to compare the grain yield of winter wheat in organic and conventional systems. The period studied was 2013-2017. Field trial was set up systematically in quadruplicate and plot size was 60 m2. In the field trial seven different nitrogen variants were used. Organic system variants were 3 (Org 0, Org I, Org II ) where a source of nitrogen were legume crops, additionally the catch crops and composted manure, respectively. In conventional system the amounts of mineral nitrogen were 50, 100 and 150 kg N per ha and control variant without nitrogen (in tables and figures noticed N50, N100, N150 and N0, respectively). The mean grain yield of winter wheat in organic variants over trial years were lower 28‒37% than in conventional variants. The irregular nitrogen availability in organic system caused the lower grain yield level. The above ground biomass of winter wheat was positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and test weight. The yield of above ground biomass in fertilised variants of conventional system was 20–38% higher than in organic system. The wintering and the number of wheat plants per unit of area was influenced by climatic conditions (from variance analysis by 59%). The influence of fertilising was not significant.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, talinisu, maheviljelus, biomass