Eestis kasvatavate säga (Silurus glanis L.) karjade geneetiline iseloomustamine mtDNA variatsioonide alusel
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Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Antud bakalaureusetöö eesmärkideks oli välja selgitada Eestis kasvatatavate sägakarjade geneetilised iseärasused ning võrrelda neid teiste Euroopa populatsioonidega ja hinnata nende sobivust Eesti asurkonna täiendamiseks. Säga on Eestis haruldane liik, kuuludes II kaitsekategooriasse ning Eesti Punase Raamatu eriti ohustatud liikide nimistusse. Tema geneetiliste iseärasuste väljaselgitamine on oluline säga looduslike populatsioonide täiendamiseks ning vesiviljeluses optimaalse produktsiooni saamiseks. Antud töös valiti geneetiliseks markeriks mitokondriaalse DNA (mtDNA) kahe piirkonna (ND5/6 ja CytB/D-loop) restriktsioonifragmentide pikkuspolümorfism (RFLP), sest seda meetodit on varem kasutatud Musta ja Kaspia mere ning Vahemere basseinide sägapopulatsioonide uurimisel. Uurimistöös selgitati välja, et Eesti sägakarjades ja Peipsi järves esinevaid haplotüüpe võib käsitleda iseloomulikena Läänemere vesikonnale ning need on geneetiliselt sarnased enamuse Musta ja Kaspia mere ning Atlandi ookeani vesikondades varem kirjeldatud haplotüüpidega, kuid eristuvad selgelt peamiselt Vahemere vesikonnale iseloomulikest haplotüüpidest. Samuti leiti, et Lätist ja Leedust pärinevad Eesti kalakasvanduste sägakarjad on emaliinide poolest üksteisega geneetiliselt sarnased ja nendes domineeriv haplotüüp esines ka ühel uuritud Peipsi järve isendil. Seetõttu võiksid nad sobida Eesti säga looduslike asurkondade täiendamiseks, kuid usaldusväärsemate soovituste andmiseks on vajalik koguda ja uurida rohkem Eesti looduslike sägapopulatsioonide isendeid ning kasutada lisaks mtDNA markeritele täiendavalt ka tuuma DNA markereid.
The aim of this thesis was to characterise Estonian wels catfish (Silurus glanis L.) hatchery populations by using mithocondrial DNA variations, with PCR-RFLP method. Wels catfish is endangered species in Estonia who is protected by Nature Conservation Act and also belongs to Red Data Book. Characterizing wels catfish populations by genetics is important for aquaculture and species restoration programmes. The Baltic Sea populations used in this study were similar to each other and differed from Mediterrenean, Caspian, Black sea and Atlantic ocean catchment area populations. The results of this study suggest that the Baltic Sea populations would be suitable for restoring wels catfish populations in Estonia. Three haplotypes were found among Estonian wels catfish stocks, two of them were unique to the Baltic Sea catchment area. The lack of haplotypes in Estonian wels catfish stocks can be explained by a small number of studied individuals. It was found out that Estonian stocks are genetically similar to the majority of populations studied by Krieg et al. (1999), while greatly differing from Greece populations. Information based on on population genetic divergence showed that studied populations are most similar to Romanian populations. However, larger number of individuals is necessary to provide statistically significant data, which could be used in wels catfish population restocking programs in the future.
The aim of this thesis was to characterise Estonian wels catfish (Silurus glanis L.) hatchery populations by using mithocondrial DNA variations, with PCR-RFLP method. Wels catfish is endangered species in Estonia who is protected by Nature Conservation Act and also belongs to Red Data Book. Characterizing wels catfish populations by genetics is important for aquaculture and species restoration programmes. The Baltic Sea populations used in this study were similar to each other and differed from Mediterrenean, Caspian, Black sea and Atlantic ocean catchment area populations. The results of this study suggest that the Baltic Sea populations would be suitable for restoring wels catfish populations in Estonia. Three haplotypes were found among Estonian wels catfish stocks, two of them were unique to the Baltic Sea catchment area. The lack of haplotypes in Estonian wels catfish stocks can be explained by a small number of studied individuals. It was found out that Estonian stocks are genetically similar to the majority of populations studied by Krieg et al. (1999), while greatly differing from Greece populations. Information based on on population genetic divergence showed that studied populations are most similar to Romanian populations. However, larger number of individuals is necessary to provide statistically significant data, which could be used in wels catfish population restocking programs in the future.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, säga, DNA, Eesti