Hooldereformi eesmärkide saavutamine Võru maakonna kohaliku omavalitsuse üksuste näitel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
05.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
1. juulil 2023. aastal jõustus hooldereform, mis tõi endaga kaasa ulatuslikud muudatused
sotsiaalhoolekande valdkonnas. Hooldereformiga sooviti muuta hooldekodukoht
inimestele kättesaadavaks keskmise vanaduspensioni eest. Selleks kaasati väljaspool kodu
osutatava üldhooldusteenuse rahastusmudelisse teenusesaaja ja tema lähedaste kõrval ka
kohaliku omavalitsuse üksused. Sellele lisaks sooviti lahendada veel teisigi probleeme
sotsiaalhoolekande valdkonnas. Võetud sihtide saavutamine on seatud kahtluse alla, sest
reformieelse ajaga võrreldes on hooldekodu kohatasud oluliselt kasvanud. Töö
probleemiks on välja selgitada, kas hooldereformi ellu kutsumisel seatud sihid on olnud
realistlikud ja praktikas teostatavad.
Töö eesmärk on analüüsida hooldereformiga seatud sihtide saavutamist Võru maakonna
KOV-ide näitel. Selleks, et töö eesmärki saavutada püstitati neli uurimisülesannet. Töös
kasutatakse kvantitatiivset uurimismeetodit. Analüüsitavad andmed on eeskätt esmased,
mis koguti kahe küsimustikuga. Samuti kasutatakse teiseseid andmeid, mis pärinevad
Võru maakonna KOV-ide poolt vastu võetu korraldustest ja määrustest.
Analüüsi käigus selgus, et hooldereformi eesmärkide saavutamine Võru maakonna KOVides
on olnud osaline. Alati ei saa hooldekodukoha omaosalust tasuda keskmise
vanaduspensioni eest. Üldhooldusteenuse ligipääsetavus ei ole paranenud, sest
ootejärjekorrad on püsinud kas samal tasemel või pikenenud. Üldhooldusteenuse
kvaliteedi paranemisele on 2025. aastal hinnangu andmine mõneti ennatlik, sest
hoolduspersonali arvule kehtestatud miinimumnõuded hakkavad kehtima alates 1. juulist
2026. aastal. Uus regulatsioon ei pruugi siiski kõiki üldhooldusteenuse pakkujaid
faktiliselt mõjutada ning sellel võib esineda vastupidine mõju teenuse kättesaadavusele.
Võru maakonna KOV-id panustavad võrreldes hooldereformieelse ajaga üha rohkem
rahalisi vahendeid kodus elamist toetavate teenuste pakkumisele, mistõttu on nende
teenuste kättesaadavus paranenud.
On July 1, 2023, the care reform came into effect, bringing significant changes to the social welfare sector in Estonia. The reform aimed to make nursing home care accessible to individuals living for an average old-age pension. Municipalities were included in the funding system for long-time care, alongside the service user and their family members. In addition to improving affordability, the reform also sought to address various other challenges within the social care system. However, the attainability of these goals has been questioned, as the cost of nursing home has risen considerably compared to the prereform period. This thesis seeks to determine whether the targets set by the care reform were realistic and feasible in practice. The aim of the thesis is to analyse whether the goals set by the care reform are reached by the municipalities of Võru County. The support this aim, four research tasks were formulated. A quantitative research method is used in the study. The data analysed are primarily primary data, collected through two questionnaires. In addition, secondary data are utilised, derived from the regulations adopted by the municipalities of Võru County. The analysis revealed that the aims of the care reform have been partially achieved. It is not always possible to cover the payment for a nursing home with the average old-age pension. The accessibility of long-term care has not improved, as waiting lists have either remained the same or become longer. Assessing the improvement in the quality of general care services is premature, as the minimum staffing requirements will come into force on July 1, 2026. Moreover, the new regulation may not have a tangible impact on all longterm care service providers and could potentially have a negative effect on service accessibility. Compared to the period prior to the reform, municipalities in Võru County are allocating increasing financial resources to the provision of home-based support services, resulting in improved access to these services.
On July 1, 2023, the care reform came into effect, bringing significant changes to the social welfare sector in Estonia. The reform aimed to make nursing home care accessible to individuals living for an average old-age pension. Municipalities were included in the funding system for long-time care, alongside the service user and their family members. In addition to improving affordability, the reform also sought to address various other challenges within the social care system. However, the attainability of these goals has been questioned, as the cost of nursing home has risen considerably compared to the prereform period. This thesis seeks to determine whether the targets set by the care reform were realistic and feasible in practice. The aim of the thesis is to analyse whether the goals set by the care reform are reached by the municipalities of Võru County. The support this aim, four research tasks were formulated. A quantitative research method is used in the study. The data analysed are primarily primary data, collected through two questionnaires. In addition, secondary data are utilised, derived from the regulations adopted by the municipalities of Võru County. The analysis revealed that the aims of the care reform have been partially achieved. It is not always possible to cover the payment for a nursing home with the average old-age pension. The accessibility of long-term care has not improved, as waiting lists have either remained the same or become longer. Assessing the improvement in the quality of general care services is premature, as the minimum staffing requirements will come into force on July 1, 2026. Moreover, the new regulation may not have a tangible impact on all longterm care service providers and could potentially have a negative effect on service accessibility. Compared to the period prior to the reform, municipalities in Võru County are allocating increasing financial resources to the provision of home-based support services, resulting in improved access to these services.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, üldhooldusteenus, hooldekodu, sotsiaalteenused