Kontoritöötaja selja funktsionaalne seisund ja terviseriskid
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kontoritöötajaid iseloomustab ebamugav ja liikumatu tööasend, kiire töötempo ning
pikaajaline staatilises asendis istumine. Antud tegurid võivad põhjustada skeletilihassüsteemi
vaevusi, eelkõige seljas ning seetõttu on oluline uurida kontoritöötajate selja
vaevuste esinemist ning funktsionaalset seisundit.
Uurimistöö eesmärk. Selgitada välja selja funktsionaalne seisund, töövõime ja kehaline
aktiivsus naiskontoritöötajatel.
Metoodika. Uuritavateks olid viie Eesti kõrgkooli tugistruktuuri kuuluvad kontoritöötajad,
kellele saadeti elektrooniline ankeetküsimustik. Uuritava grupi moodustamise
kriteeriumiteks olid naissugu, töö kuvariga ja tööstaaž vähemalt üks aasta. Tartus asuvate
kõrgkoolide tugistruktuuri töötajad kutsuti nende nõusolekul laboratoorsetele mõõtmistele
(n = 30), mis hõlmas müotonomeetriat, goniomeetriat, dünamomeetriat, stabilomeetriat ja
selja pantograafiat. Laboratoorsetele mõõtmistele kutsutud uuritavad jagati kahte gruppi:
eksperimentaal- (n = 15) ja kontrollgruppi (n = 15). Eksperimentaalgruppi kuulusid
seljavaludega uuritavad ja kontrollgruppi seljavaludeta uuritavad.
Tulemused. Ankeetküsimustikule vastas 215 kontoritöötajat. Spordiga tegelesid 55,8%
uuritavatest ning selgus, et spordiga mittetegelemine oli seotud ülaseljavaludega.
Uuritavate keskmine töövõime indeks oli „hea“. Selgus, et töövõime indeksi vähenedes
suurenesid skeleti-lihassüsteemi vaevused. Ankeetküsimustiku põhjal selgus, et kõige
rohkem esines skeleti-lihassüsteemi vaevusi ala- ja ülaseljas, kaelas, õlgades ning
ülajäsemetes. Skeleti-lihassüsteemi vaevused olid seotud ebaergonoomilise töökoha, suure
kehamassiindeksi, tööpäeval kiirustamise ja pikaajaliselt istuvas asendis arvutiga
töötamisega. Selja funktsionaalset seisundit uurides selgus, et seljavaludega
kontoritöötajatel oli oluliselt väiksem lülisamba kaela- ja nimmeosa liikuvusulatus. Lisaks
selgus, et seljavaludega kontoritöötajatel oli oluliselt suurem selja sirutajalihase jõud ja
suurem lumbaarlordoosi nurk kui seljavaludeta kontoritöötajatel.
Järeldused. Oluline on tähelepanu pöörata kontoritöötajate töökoha kujundusele ja
eluviisile, mis aitaksid vähendada ja ka ennetada skeleti-lihassüsteemi vaevusi, suurendada
kehalist aktiivsust ja töövõimet ning parandada nende selja funktsionaalset seisundit.
Office workers are characterised by an uncomfortable and stationary working position, fast work pace and long stay in a static position. These factors may cause musculoskeletal discomfort, especially in the back, and therefore it is important to investigate the incidence of back problems in office workers and the functional status of their backs. The aim of this study. To determine the functional status, work ability and physical activity of female office workers. Methods. The study subjects were the employees of the support (administrative) structures of five Estonian universities. They were sent an electronic questionnaire. The criteria for putting together the study group were: female gender, working with a monitor and a working experience of more than a one year. The employees of the support structures of Tartu universities were invited to laboratory measurements with their consent (n = 30). These measurements included mythonometry, goniometry, dynamometry, stabilometry and back pantographs. Employees were divided into two groups in laboratory measurements: experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). The experimental group consisted of study subjects with back pain and the control group consisted of those without back pain. Results. The questionnaire was answered by 215 office workers. Of the study subjects, 55.8% practice sports, it turned out that there was a connection between doing sports and not having upper back pain. The average work ability index of the study subjects was “good”. It turned out that if the work ability index decreased, then the musculoskeletal dicomfort increased. Based on the questionnaire, it became apparent that most musculoskeletal discomfort were observed in the lower and upper back, neck, shoulders and upper limbs. Musculoskeletal discomfort was related to a non-ergonomic workplace, high body mass index, rush during working hours, and extended sitting and working behind a computer. In studying the functional status of the back, it became apparent that office workers with back pain had a significantly limited mobility range for the cervical and back spine. In addition, it turned out that office workers with back pain had a significantly higher elasticity of the back extensors and a higher angle of lumbar bar lordosis than office workers without back pain. Conclusion. It is important to turn attention to the ergonomic design of the work place and the lifestyle of office workers to help reduce and prevent musculoskeletal discomfort, while increasing physical activity and work ability, improving the functional status of the backs of the employees.
Office workers are characterised by an uncomfortable and stationary working position, fast work pace and long stay in a static position. These factors may cause musculoskeletal discomfort, especially in the back, and therefore it is important to investigate the incidence of back problems in office workers and the functional status of their backs. The aim of this study. To determine the functional status, work ability and physical activity of female office workers. Methods. The study subjects were the employees of the support (administrative) structures of five Estonian universities. They were sent an electronic questionnaire. The criteria for putting together the study group were: female gender, working with a monitor and a working experience of more than a one year. The employees of the support structures of Tartu universities were invited to laboratory measurements with their consent (n = 30). These measurements included mythonometry, goniometry, dynamometry, stabilometry and back pantographs. Employees were divided into two groups in laboratory measurements: experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). The experimental group consisted of study subjects with back pain and the control group consisted of those without back pain. Results. The questionnaire was answered by 215 office workers. Of the study subjects, 55.8% practice sports, it turned out that there was a connection between doing sports and not having upper back pain. The average work ability index of the study subjects was “good”. It turned out that if the work ability index decreased, then the musculoskeletal dicomfort increased. Based on the questionnaire, it became apparent that most musculoskeletal discomfort were observed in the lower and upper back, neck, shoulders and upper limbs. Musculoskeletal discomfort was related to a non-ergonomic workplace, high body mass index, rush during working hours, and extended sitting and working behind a computer. In studying the functional status of the back, it became apparent that office workers with back pain had a significantly limited mobility range for the cervical and back spine. In addition, it turned out that office workers with back pain had a significantly higher elasticity of the back extensors and a higher angle of lumbar bar lordosis than office workers without back pain. Conclusion. It is important to turn attention to the ergonomic design of the work place and the lifestyle of office workers to help reduce and prevent musculoskeletal discomfort, while increasing physical activity and work ability, improving the functional status of the backs of the employees.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Ergonoomika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, töövõime, skeletilihased, istuv töö, füüsiline aktiivsus