Metsatulekahjude mõju õhu kvaliteedile
Laen...
Kuupäev
2013
Kättesaadavus
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Õhu kvaliteet on määratletav õhus sisalduvate saasteainete kontsentratsioonidega. Kui
saasteained ületavad neile sätestatud piirnorme võib see põhjustada keskkonnale häiringuid.
Sama oluline kui on hinnata inimtegevusega kaasneva saaste mõjusid on oluline ka hinnata
looduslikel protsessidel kaasnevate saasteainete mõju ja käitumismustreid. Erinevate
uurimuste kohaselt on Eesti naaberriikides leitud metsatulekahjude mõjutusi õhu kvaliteedis.
Eestis sellised uurimused veel puuduvad.
Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks oli leida tulekahjude mõjud Eestis. Selleks teostati kvantitatiivne
mõõtejaamade kontsentratsioonide analüüs, et tuvastada episoodid. Analüüsitud andmeid
võrreldi SILAM mudeli ennustuste ja Eesti Päästeameti andmebaasiga, et tuvastada episoodi
päritolu. Kvalitatiivse ja kvantitatiivse analüüsiga leiti, et Eesti seirejaamades mõõdetud
parameetrites on leitavad metsatulekahjude mõjud. Tänu mudeli ja seireandmete analüüsi
võrdlusele sai selgeks, et metsatulekahjude mõju Eesti õhu kvaliteedile on selgelt tuvastatav.
Mudel ennustas 2011. aastaks 15 episoodi mis olid põhjustatud metsatulekahjudest.
Episoodide esinemise põhjuse kinnitamiseks teostati kvantitatiivne seoste analüüs mis näitas,
et korreleeruvus saasteainete vahel tugevnes kõigil perioodidel episoodide korral. Teise
kvantitatiivse muutujana kasutatud ühendite jagatis tõestas enda sobivust episoodide
leidmiseks ilma saastekaartide abita – episoodi ja tavasituatsioonide korral varieerusid
jagatiste väärtused erinevalt.
Sissejuhatavas osas esitatud uurimisküsimustele on leitud vastused:
1) Kas ja millisel määral metsatulekahjud mõjutavad õhu kvaliteeti Eestis?
2011 aastal tuvastati enamik ennustatud episoodidest.
2) Kas modelleeritud SILAM õhu kvaliteedi muutused vastavad mõõtetulemustele?
Mudeliga ennustatust episoodidest enamik tuvastati mõõteandmete analüüsiga.
Vastates uurimisküsimustele sai täidetud ka uurimiseesmärk: hinnata, kas Eesti seirejaamades
mõõdetud parameetrites on leitavad metsatulekahjude mõjud. Eesti seirejaamades mõõdetud
parameetrites on leitavad metsatulekahjude mõjud. Tänu mudeli ja seireandmete analüüsi
võrdlusele sai selgeks, et metsatulekahjud mõjutavad Eesti õhu kvaliteeti sel määral, et
taustjaamade seireandmetes on mõju tuvastatav.
Air quality can be determined as concentrations of pollutants in air. If the pollutant concentrations exceed the established limits rates, environmental disturbances could occur. It is just as important to study the impacts and behaviour patterns of pollutants from natural processes as those of pollution from human activities. Effects of forest fires on air quality have been found in various studies conducted in Estonia’s neighbouring countries. No such studies have yet been conducted in Estonia. The goal of this thesis was to determine the effects of fires on air quality in Estonia. A quantitative analysis of concentrations measured by monitoring stations was prepared for that purpose, identifying fire episodes. The analysed data were compared to forecasts of the SILAM model and to the database of Estonian Rescue Board, in order to determine the origin of the episodes. The qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the parameters measured at Estonian monitoring stations show effects of forest fires. Based on the analysis of the model and the monitoring data, it was determined that there are clear effects of forest fires on Estonia’s air quality. This Thesis identified most of the episodes that was predicted by SILAM model. The causes of episodes were confirmed by a quantitative analysis of relations which indicated that correlation between pollutants became stronger in all episode periods. Division of compounds, which was used as a second criterion, was proved suitable for finding episodes without pollution maps. Answers were found to all research questions posed in the introductory part of the Thesis: 1) Is Estonia’s air quality affected by forest fires and if yes then to what extent? Most of the predicted episodes, caused by forest fires was detected in the year 2011. 2) Do SILAM-modelled air quality changes conform to measurement results? Most of the episoodes predicted by model were identifyed by analysis of measured data. It was assessed that the parameters measured in Estonian monitoring stations indeed enable to find the effects of forest fires. Thanks to the comparison of the model and the measurement data it became clear that forest fires in Estonia and its neighbouring countries affect Estonia’s air quality sufficiently to be detectable in monitoring data of background stations. This Thesis identified 15 episodes caused by forest fires in Estonia or in its neighbouring countries.
Air quality can be determined as concentrations of pollutants in air. If the pollutant concentrations exceed the established limits rates, environmental disturbances could occur. It is just as important to study the impacts and behaviour patterns of pollutants from natural processes as those of pollution from human activities. Effects of forest fires on air quality have been found in various studies conducted in Estonia’s neighbouring countries. No such studies have yet been conducted in Estonia. The goal of this thesis was to determine the effects of fires on air quality in Estonia. A quantitative analysis of concentrations measured by monitoring stations was prepared for that purpose, identifying fire episodes. The analysed data were compared to forecasts of the SILAM model and to the database of Estonian Rescue Board, in order to determine the origin of the episodes. The qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the parameters measured at Estonian monitoring stations show effects of forest fires. Based on the analysis of the model and the monitoring data, it was determined that there are clear effects of forest fires on Estonia’s air quality. This Thesis identified most of the episodes that was predicted by SILAM model. The causes of episodes were confirmed by a quantitative analysis of relations which indicated that correlation between pollutants became stronger in all episode periods. Division of compounds, which was used as a second criterion, was proved suitable for finding episodes without pollution maps. Answers were found to all research questions posed in the introductory part of the Thesis: 1) Is Estonia’s air quality affected by forest fires and if yes then to what extent? Most of the predicted episodes, caused by forest fires was detected in the year 2011. 2) Do SILAM-modelled air quality changes conform to measurement results? Most of the episoodes predicted by model were identifyed by analysis of measured data. It was assessed that the parameters measured in Estonian monitoring stations indeed enable to find the effects of forest fires. Thanks to the comparison of the model and the measurement data it became clear that forest fires in Estonia and its neighbouring countries affect Estonia’s air quality sufficiently to be detectable in monitoring data of background stations. This Thesis identified 15 episodes caused by forest fires in Estonia or in its neighbouring countries.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
metsatulekahjud, mõjud, õhukvaliteet, saasteained, õhu saastamine, saastekoormus, Eesti, magistritööd