Salvestusseadmete mõju elamu energiavarustusele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
12.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Eesti suurendas vahesammuna kliimaneutraalsuse suunas oma 2030. a kliimaeesmärki, kohustudes vähendama heitkoguseid nimetatud aastaks vähemalt 55 % (seni plaanitud 40 % asemel) [7]. Päikeseenergia on üheks stohhastilise elektrienergia liigiks, mis on saadud küll kliimaneutraalselt taastuvenergiaallikatest, kuid varustuskindluse seisukohast pole tegu jätkusuutliku ja turunõudlust stabiilselt rahuldava lahendusega. Päikeseenergia optimaalseks kasutamiseks on eelduslikult otstarbekaim viis kasutada akupankasid.
Euroopa Komisjon on hinnanud, et 2030. aastaks on Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides vaja 94 GW ulatuses elektrienergia salvestusvõimsusi, millest enamik tuleb ehitada [6]. Üheks arvestatavaks võimaluseks on kaasata selle eesmärgi täitmisele kodumajapidamistes kasutatavaid energia salvestusvõimsusi. See aga eeldab energia salvestusseadmete majanduslikku tasuvust. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on analüüsida kehtivaid toetusmeetmeid arvestades energia salvestusseadmete kasutamise majanduslikku tasuvust keskmise kodumajapidamise näitel ja leida vastus küsimusele, kas tänastes oludes on keskmisele majapidamisele mõistlik soetada päikeseenergia salvestusseadmed. Antud töö raames uuriti modelleerimistarkvaraga Homer Grid hoone elektrivarustuse stabiilsuse saavutamiseks akupanga lisamist hoonele energiavarustusele, eelkõige selle majanduslikku tasuvust. Akupanga lisamine aitaks ka lahendada elektrivõrgu stabiilsuse probleeme lühiajaliste voolu katkestuste näol.
Tasuvuskalkulatsiooni teostamiseks sisestati Homer Gridi 2023 aasta reaalne eramu elektrienergia tarbimise andmed. Uuritava projekti referentselueaks valiti akupanga keskmisele elueale vastavalt kümme aastat. Modelleerimiseks teostati neli simulatsiooni: tarbimine ainult võrgust, tarbimine võrgust + PV paneelid, tarbimine võrgust + akupank ning tarbimine võrgust + PV paneelid + akupank. Töös esitatud arvestuste alusel ei olnud akupanga paigaldamine tänaste toetusmeetmete raames majanduslikult tasuv üheski nimetatud simulatsioonis. Seega, kui vaadelda ainul majanduslikku aspekti ja välja jätta nn maailma päästmine, kliimaneutraalsus jms, siis ei tasu akupank ennast kümne aastaga ära. Siit järeldub, kui riik soovib kodumajapidamisi kaasata kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärkide saavutamisse, tuleks senisest läbimõeldumalt kavandada vastavas osas maksu- või toetusmeetmeid.
As an intermediate step towards climate neutrality, Estonia has increased its 2030 climate target, committing to reduce emissions by at least 55% by that year (instead of the previously planned 40%) [7]. Solar energy is one type of intermittent electrical energy that is obtained from climate-neutral renewable energy sources, but from the perspective of supply security, it is not a sustainable solution that can consistently meet market demand. The most effective method to optimally use solar energy is presumably battery banks. The European Commission has estimated that by 2030, EU member states will need 94 GW of electrical energy storage capacity, most of which will need to be built [6]. One viable option to achieve this goal is to involve household energy storage capacities. However, this requires the economic feasibility of energy storage devices. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of using energy storage devices in an average household, considering the current support measures, and to answer the question of whether it is reasonable for an average household to acquire solar energy storage devices under today's conditions. In this study, the software Homer Grid was used to investigate the addition of a battery bank to a building to achieve stability in the building's electricity supply, particularly its economic feasibility. Adding a battery bank would also help solve the stability problems of the electrical grid in the event of short-term power outages.To perform the cost-benefit calculation, real household electricity data for 2023 was entered into Homer Grid. The project's lifespan under investigation was chosen to correspond to the average lifespan of a battery bank, which is ten years. Four simulations were carried out for modeling: consumption only from the grid, consumption from the grid + PV panels, consumption from the grid + battery bank, and consumption from the grid + PV panels + battery bank. According to the calculations presented in the study, installing a battery bank was not economically feasible in any of the mentioned simulations under the current support measures. Therefore, a battery bank does not pay off within ten years if we only consider the economic aspect and exclude factors like saving the world, climate neutrality, etc. This implies that if the state wishes to involve households in achieving climate neutrality goals, more thoughtful planning of tax or support measures in this area are necessary.
As an intermediate step towards climate neutrality, Estonia has increased its 2030 climate target, committing to reduce emissions by at least 55% by that year (instead of the previously planned 40%) [7]. Solar energy is one type of intermittent electrical energy that is obtained from climate-neutral renewable energy sources, but from the perspective of supply security, it is not a sustainable solution that can consistently meet market demand. The most effective method to optimally use solar energy is presumably battery banks. The European Commission has estimated that by 2030, EU member states will need 94 GW of electrical energy storage capacity, most of which will need to be built [6]. One viable option to achieve this goal is to involve household energy storage capacities. However, this requires the economic feasibility of energy storage devices. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of using energy storage devices in an average household, considering the current support measures, and to answer the question of whether it is reasonable for an average household to acquire solar energy storage devices under today's conditions. In this study, the software Homer Grid was used to investigate the addition of a battery bank to a building to achieve stability in the building's electricity supply, particularly its economic feasibility. Adding a battery bank would also help solve the stability problems of the electrical grid in the event of short-term power outages.To perform the cost-benefit calculation, real household electricity data for 2023 was entered into Homer Grid. The project's lifespan under investigation was chosen to correspond to the average lifespan of a battery bank, which is ten years. Four simulations were carried out for modeling: consumption only from the grid, consumption from the grid + PV panels, consumption from the grid + battery bank, and consumption from the grid + PV panels + battery bank. According to the calculations presented in the study, installing a battery bank was not economically feasible in any of the mentioned simulations under the current support measures. Therefore, a battery bank does not pay off within ten years if we only consider the economic aspect and exclude factors like saving the world, climate neutrality, etc. This implies that if the state wishes to involve households in achieving climate neutrality goals, more thoughtful planning of tax or support measures in this area are necessary.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Energiakasutuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, kliimaneutraalsus, päikeseenergia, tasuvus, BYD akupank, Homer Grid