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Carbon and nitrogen fluxes in birch and grey alder stands growing on different sites

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Pisipilt

KuupƤev

2019

KƤttesaadav alates

Autorid

Morozov, Gunnar

Ajakirja pealkiri

Ajakirja ISSN

Kƶite pealkiri

Kirjastaja

Eesti MaaĆ¼likool

Abstrakt

Increase in carbon (C) sequestration in different ecosystems is a crucial task in mitigating climate change. Among terrestrial ecosystems, boreal and hemiboreal forests have been reported as ecosystems with high C sink capacity and thus studies of C cycling in different forest ecosystems is highlighted. Moreover, since available soil nitrogen (N) affects tree growth and thereby C accumulation, C and N cycling strongly interrelated. In the present study the main fluxes of C and N in birch and grey alder stands, growing at different sites, were estimated, as well as the effect of some forest management methods (draining, harvesting thinning) on ecosystem CN cycling was studied. The decomposition dynamics of above- and belowground litter in grey alder and silver birch stands was estimated. Decomposition has a great impact on the soil in terms of C and nutrient cycling, which in turn affects stands growth. Also C emission from forest soils is significantly linked to decomposition of organic matter. On the basis of the compiled C budgets, C accumulation dynamics was studied in grey alder stands of different ages. The results demonstrate that grey alder stands are effective C sequestration ecosystems, accumulating C mainly in biomass of trees. The C budgets were compiled for downy birch stands growing on drained fertile Histosols. The dynamics of C accumulation showed that the young and middle-aged downy birch stands acted as effective C sinks. The over-matured downy birch stand was a C emitting ecosystem. Thus, in terms of more effective C accumulation, optimization of rotation length for management of such stands is an essential issue. The annual Rh flux did not depend on stand age or depth of the peat layer. The productivity of downy birch ecosystems on drained Histosols is partly induced by high soil N content which is the result of intensive net nitrogen mineralization (NNM) process. In forests, N cycling and C cycling arestrongly inter-related: intensive NNM promotes the growth of plants and thereby C accumulation. Harvesting thinning in the fertile silver birch stand increased annual NNM intensity for short term. It can be expected that increased soil mineral N content might contribute to enhanced post-thinning growth of remaining trees. At the same time, increased soil N content did not induce more intensive N leaching.
Boreaalsed ja hemiboreaalsed metsad on olulised sĆ¼siniku (C) sidujad ja seelƤbi kliimamuutuste leevendajad; seetƵttu onmetsadeC ringe uuringud tƤnapƤeva metsateaduses aktuaalne teema. Erinevate metsaƶkosĆ¼steemide C sidumise vƵime sƵltub suurel mƤƤral mullaviljakusest, lƤmmastik (N) on peamine taimede kasvu limiteeriv toiteelement ning C ja N ringed metsades on omavahel tihedalt seotud. KƤesolevas doktoritƶƶs uuriti peamisi CN vooge ja varusid erinevates kasvukohtades kasvavates kaasikutes ning hall-lepikutes, samuti kuivendamise ja harvendusraiemƵju neile voogudele. Selgitati lehe- ja juurevarise lagunemise dĆ¼naamikat hall-lepikutes ja arukaasikutes. Lagunemine on oluline protsess metsa aineringes, mille kaudu vabanevad bioproduktsioonis seotud C ja N, samuti sƵltub mullahingamisel vabanev C voog otseselt lagunemise intensiivsusest. Koostatud bilansside pƵhjal selgitatiC sidumise dĆ¼naamikat erivanuselistes hall-lepikutes, mis vƵimaldab hinnata nende puistute rolli Eesti metsade C bilansis laiemalt. Hall-lepikud osutusid olulisteks C siduvateks ƶkosĆ¼steemideks, kus C seotaksepeamiselt kasvavate puude biomassis. Koostati C bilansid erivanuseliste jƤnesekapsa-kƵdusookaasikute kohta. Saadud tulemused nƤitasid, et noored ja keskealised puistud on C-d siduvad, aga vanad sookaasikud C-demiteerivad, st. sellistes metsades on optimaalse raieringi rakendamine efektiivse C sidumise seisukohaltoluline.C emissioonivood mullast ei sƵltunud puistu vanusest ega turba tĆ¼sedusest ning jƤid samasse suurusjƤrku mineraalmuldadel kasvavates metsades hinnatuga. KƵdusookaasikud on produktiivsed, seda osaliselttƤnu nende muldade kƵrgele N sisaldusele. Taimede jaoks omastatava mineraalse N suur sisaldus mullason intensiivse N netomineralisatsiooni(NNM) tulemus.Hea N kƤttesaadavus soodustab puude juurdekasvu ning seelƤbi C sidumist. Ka harvendusraie viljaka kasvukoha arukaasikus intensiivistas lĆ¼hiajaliselt NNM-i. Seega on raiejƤrgne suurem puude kasvukiirus teatud mƤƤral mƵjutatud mineraalse N suuremast sisaldusest. Samas ei pƵhjustanud suurenenud N sisaldus N leostumistmullas.

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