Keskkonnamärgised – liigitus, erinevused ja märgis kui keskkonnajuhtimissüsteem
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
07.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Keskkonnamärgistel on oluline osa keskkonnahoidliku tarbimise lihtsustamises, sest
inimesed soovivad keskkonnaprobleemide kerkides oma jalajälge vähendada. Kriitilise
tähtsusega on märgise taha peidetud sisu – keskkonnamärgistelt saab toote või teenuse
keskkonnamõjude kohta informatsiooni. Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on anda ülevaade
keskkonnamärgistest ja valdkonnaga seonduvatest mõistetest.
Töös kasutati erinevat teaduskirjandust, käsiraamatuid, kodulehekülgi, raporteid ja
dokumente. Kasutatud kirjandust otsiti otsingusõnade abil kasutades find-käsku ning
abstrakte. Kõiki keskkonnamärgiseid antud töös ei käsitletud, välja jäid märgised, mis on
aktuaalsemad: jäätmete ning kosmeetikaga seotud märgised.
Keskkonnamärgised jagas autor subjektiivselt, kuid siiski eristatavate kriteeriumite alusel,
viite eri rühma, kus esimesse kolme rühma on jagatud märgised ISO liigituse alusel (Tüüp
I-III), neljandasse rühma kohustuslikud keskkonnamärgised ja sotsiaalse aspektiga
märgised ning viiendasse rühma keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemid.
Keskkonnamärgiste rühmade erinevusteks leiti: nõuded ja nende rangus, kolmanda
osapoole kinnitus, oleluringiga arvestamine, vabatahtlikkus, märgise eesmärgid,
usaldusväärsus, aeg, maksumus, toote- ja teenusegrupid ning
keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemide puhul ka määruse olemasolu.
Keskkonnamärgiste ja keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemide sarnasus tuleneb keskkonnamõjude
vähendamise soovist, keskkonnainformatsiooni jagamisest, nõuete järgimisest ning
asjaolust, et ka keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemi sertifikaat võib toimida märgisena.
Antud valdkond muutub kiiresti, hetkel võiks öelda, et puudu on pigem eestikeelsetest
allika(te)st, mis aitaks tarbijatel teadlikke ja kontrollitud väidete alusel
keskkonnahoidlikke valikuid teha. Varasemalt on teemat põgusalt käsitletud nt. Eesti
elanike keskkonnateadlikkuse uuringutes.
Environmental labels play an important role in facilitating environmentally friendly consumption, because people want to reduce their footprint as the environmental problems arise. The content that´s hidden behind the label is critically important - the environmental label provides information about the environmental impact of a product or service can be obtained. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to provide an overview of environmental labels and concepts related to the field. Different scientific literature, manuals, websites, reports and documents were used in the work. The references were searched by using the search words using the find command and abstracts. Not all environmental labels were discussed in this work, labels that are more relevant were left out: labels related to waste and cosmetics. The author divided the environmental labels subjectively, but still based on distinguishable criteria, into five different groups, where the first three groups are divided into labels based on the ISO classification (type I-III), the fourth group is mandatory environmental labels and labels with a social aspect, and the fifth group is environmental management systems. The differences between groups of environmental labels were requirements and their strictness, third-party confirmation, consideration of the life cycle, voluntariness, goals of the label, reliability, time, cost, product and service groups, and in the case of environmental management systems, also the existence of a regulation. The similarity between environmental labels and environmental management systems derives from the desire to reduce environmental impacts, share environmental information, comply with requirements, and the fact that an environmental management system certificate can also act as a label. This field is changing rapidly, today it could be said that there is a lack of Estonianlanguage source(s) that would help consumers make environmentally friendly choices based on informed and verified claims. In the past, the topic has been briefly discussed, for example in surveys of Estonian residents' environmental awareness.
Environmental labels play an important role in facilitating environmentally friendly consumption, because people want to reduce their footprint as the environmental problems arise. The content that´s hidden behind the label is critically important - the environmental label provides information about the environmental impact of a product or service can be obtained. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to provide an overview of environmental labels and concepts related to the field. Different scientific literature, manuals, websites, reports and documents were used in the work. The references were searched by using the search words using the find command and abstracts. Not all environmental labels were discussed in this work, labels that are more relevant were left out: labels related to waste and cosmetics. The author divided the environmental labels subjectively, but still based on distinguishable criteria, into five different groups, where the first three groups are divided into labels based on the ISO classification (type I-III), the fourth group is mandatory environmental labels and labels with a social aspect, and the fifth group is environmental management systems. The differences between groups of environmental labels were requirements and their strictness, third-party confirmation, consideration of the life cycle, voluntariness, goals of the label, reliability, time, cost, product and service groups, and in the case of environmental management systems, also the existence of a regulation. The similarity between environmental labels and environmental management systems derives from the desire to reduce environmental impacts, share environmental information, comply with requirements, and the fact that an environmental management system certificate can also act as a label. This field is changing rapidly, today it could be said that there is a lack of Estonianlanguage source(s) that would help consumers make environmentally friendly choices based on informed and verified claims. In the past, the topic has been briefly discussed, for example in surveys of Estonian residents' environmental awareness.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, keskkonnainfot sisaldavad märgid, märgiste vahe, süsteemne keskkonnasõbralik organisatsiooni juhtimine