Mäluasutuste töökeskkonnas esinevad bioloogilised ja keemilised ohutegurid ning nende mõju kogudega tegelevate spetsialistide tervisele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
07.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kultuurivaldkonnas ja mäluasutustes töötamist peetakse tavaliselt ohutuks ja tervislikuks. Mäluasutuste töötajad oskavad kaitsta oma kogusid ohutegurite eest, kuid sageli puuduvad neil teadmised oma tööga seonduvatest ohuteguritest ja terviseriskidest. Eesmärk: välja selgitada Eesti mäluasutuste kogudega tegelevate spetsialistide töökeskkonnas esinevad bioloogilised ja keemilised ohutegutegurid ning töötajate tervisekaebused, pakkuda välja lahendusi nende töökeskkonna parendamiseks ning teadlikkuse tõstmiseks ja kutseriskide ennetamiseks. Metoodika: uuritavateks olid Eesti mäluasutuste kogudega tegelevad spetsialistid (n=~3000). Uuringus kasutati Soome Töötervishoiu Instituudi projektiks väljatöötatud ja Eesti tingimustele kohandatud küsimustikku bioloogiliste ning keemiliste ohutegurite väljaselgitamiseks muuseumide töökeskkonnas. Küsimustikus oli 76 küsimust. Tulemused: küsimustikule vastas 72 mäluasutuste töötajat, vastamismäär oli 2,4%. Vastanutest 93% töötab praegu mäluasutuses ning valdavalt kogude, konserveerimise või kogude hooldamise ja säilitamise valdkonnas (64%). Kolmandik vastanutest (33%) on praeguses töökohas töötanud 15-29 aastat ning veidi vähem (26%) 30-44 aastat. Vastanutest töötavad muuseumides (55%), 33% töötab raamatukogudes. Muuseumites töötavatest vastanutest 44% etnograafiamuuseumis, ajaloo- ja kultuuriloomuuseumides (24%), 15% koduloo- ja kohamuuseumides. Raamatukogudes töötavatest vastajatest 67% on tegevad rahvaraamatukogudes ja 33% teadus- või erialaraamatukogudes. Enamik uuritavatest töötab riigi (58%) või kohaliku omavalitsuse (28%) haldusalas ja rohkem kui pooltes asutustes on üle 30 täistööajaga alalise töötaja (54%). Üle 76% töötajatest tegeleb tervisele kahjulikke aineid sisaldavate kogudega, ent erialaspetsiifiliste ohtude ja risikide tuvastamiseks ning ohutuks töötamiseks jääb töötajatel teadmisest vajaka nii erialase hariduse kui tööandja pakutava koolituse ja juhendamise osas. Olulisemad ohutegurid on tolmud, hallitus, kahjurid, kemikaalid, pestitsiidid ja toksilised metallid. Kolmandikul töötajatest esineb ruumide seisukorra tõttu füüsilisi sümptomeid – kurgukähedust, silmade- ja nahaärritust, nohu, köha ning peavalu. Enim tervisekaebusi on muuseumide ja raamatukogude (84%) spetsialistidel. Üle 50% vastanutest töötab kogudega katmata kätega ja kolmandik ei kanna mitte kunagi töö- või kaitseriietust. Enam kui poolte uuritavate arvates on isikukaitsevahendite kasutamine peamine meede tervisele ohtlike ainete mõju eest. Vastanutest 8,3% on diagnoositud kutsehaigus ja 11,1% kahtlustatud mõnda kutsehaigust – allergia, astma krooniline bronhiit. Enim on diagnoositud ja kahtlustatud kutsehaigusi raamatukogude töötajatel. Enda panust tööohutusse peavad töötajad suuremaks kui tööandja oma, kes peaks töötajaid rohkem informeerima, koolitama ja tagama isikukaitse- ning töövahendite kätte-saadavuse.
In the field of culture and memory institutions, working is generally considered safe and healthy. Employees of memory institutions are capable to protect their collections from the hazards, but often lack of knowledge about the occupational hazards and health risks associated with their work. Objective: to identify the biological and chemical risk factors in the work environment of Estonian memory institutions' specialists dealing with collections, and detect health complaints among employees, and to propose solutions for improving their work environment safety and raising awareness and preventing risks. Methodology: The study included specialists working with collections in Estonian memory institutions (n=~3000). A questionnaire developed by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and adapted to Estonian conditions was used to identify biological and chemical risks in the museums’ work environment. The questionnaire comprised 76 questionnaire. Results: in total 72 memory institution employees responded to the questionnaire, and response rate was 2.4%. Of the respondents 93% currently work in the memory institutions, mainly in the fields of collections, conservation, or collection maintenance and preservation (64%). One-third of the respondents (33%) have been working in their current position for 15–29 years, and slightly fewer (26%) for 30-44 years. Of the respondents, 55% work in museums, and 33% work in libraries. Among those working in museums, 44% work in ethnographic museums, history and cultural heritage museums (24%), and 15% in local history museums. Among respondents working in libraries, 67% work in public libraries and 33% in research or specialized libraries. The majority of the subjects work in the public sector (58%) or local government (28%), and more than half of the institutions have over 30 full-time permanent employees (54%). Over 76% of employees handle collections containing harmful substances, but employees lack knowledge of specific professional hazards and risks, as well as adequate training and guidance from their employers for safe working practices. Major hazards include dust, mold, pests, chemicals, pesticides, and toxic metals. One-third of employees experience physical symptoms due to the condition of the premises - throat irritation, eye and skin irritation, cold, cough and headache. Specialists in museums and libraries (84%) report the most health complaints. Over 50% of respondents are handling the collections without gloves, and one-third never wear working or protective clothes. More than half of the respondents believe that use of personal protective equipment is the main measure to protect them against the toxic substances. Of the respondents 8.3% have been diagnosed an occupational disease, and 11.1% suspect they have one work related disease - allergies, asthma or chronic bronchitis. Occupational diseases are most commonly diagnosed and suspected among the library workers. Employees considered their own contribution to occupational safety greater than that of their employers, who should provide more safety information and training, and ensure the availability of personal protective equipment and tools.
In the field of culture and memory institutions, working is generally considered safe and healthy. Employees of memory institutions are capable to protect their collections from the hazards, but often lack of knowledge about the occupational hazards and health risks associated with their work. Objective: to identify the biological and chemical risk factors in the work environment of Estonian memory institutions' specialists dealing with collections, and detect health complaints among employees, and to propose solutions for improving their work environment safety and raising awareness and preventing risks. Methodology: The study included specialists working with collections in Estonian memory institutions (n=~3000). A questionnaire developed by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and adapted to Estonian conditions was used to identify biological and chemical risks in the museums’ work environment. The questionnaire comprised 76 questionnaire. Results: in total 72 memory institution employees responded to the questionnaire, and response rate was 2.4%. Of the respondents 93% currently work in the memory institutions, mainly in the fields of collections, conservation, or collection maintenance and preservation (64%). One-third of the respondents (33%) have been working in their current position for 15–29 years, and slightly fewer (26%) for 30-44 years. Of the respondents, 55% work in museums, and 33% work in libraries. Among those working in museums, 44% work in ethnographic museums, history and cultural heritage museums (24%), and 15% in local history museums. Among respondents working in libraries, 67% work in public libraries and 33% in research or specialized libraries. The majority of the subjects work in the public sector (58%) or local government (28%), and more than half of the institutions have over 30 full-time permanent employees (54%). Over 76% of employees handle collections containing harmful substances, but employees lack knowledge of specific professional hazards and risks, as well as adequate training and guidance from their employers for safe working practices. Major hazards include dust, mold, pests, chemicals, pesticides, and toxic metals. One-third of employees experience physical symptoms due to the condition of the premises - throat irritation, eye and skin irritation, cold, cough and headache. Specialists in museums and libraries (84%) report the most health complaints. Over 50% of respondents are handling the collections without gloves, and one-third never wear working or protective clothes. More than half of the respondents believe that use of personal protective equipment is the main measure to protect them against the toxic substances. Of the respondents 8.3% have been diagnosed an occupational disease, and 11.1% suspect they have one work related disease - allergies, asthma or chronic bronchitis. Occupational diseases are most commonly diagnosed and suspected among the library workers. Employees considered their own contribution to occupational safety greater than that of their employers, who should provide more safety information and training, and ensure the availability of personal protective equipment and tools.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Ergonoomika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, hallitus, muuseumid, raamatukogud, pestitsiidid, tolm