Karula rahvuspargi Natura 2000 elupaikade ajalooline maakasutus ja maakatte muutused
Laen...
Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
04.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Karula rahvuspargi Natura 2000 elupaigad on kujunenud looduslike protsesside ja
pikaajalise inimtegevuse koosmõjul. Varasem maakasutus ja maakatte muutused võivad
mõjutada elupaikade tänapäevast esinduslikkust, mistõttu on nende ajaloolise
kujunemise uurimine oluline.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli analüüsida Karula rahvuspargi Natura 2000
elupaikade maastikumuutusi ning hinnata nende mõju elupaikade esinduslikkuse
kujunemisele.
Töös kasutati 1867. aasta Karula mõisakaarti, hilisemaid ajaloolisi maakatteandmeid
ning Eesti Looduse Infosüsteemi Natura 2000 elupaikade andmekihti. Kaardianalüüs
teostati QGIS 3.44 programmis ning saadud andmeid töödeldi MS Excelis 2026.
Tulemustest selgus, et Karula rahvuspargi Natura 2000 elupaikade maakasutus ja
maakate on aastatel 1867–2010 oluliselt muutunud. Peamiseks muutuseks oli avatud ja
poolavatud alade vähenemine ning metsamaa osakaalu suurenemine. Elupaigatüüpide
püsivuse ja esinduslikkuse vahel ilmnesid erinevad seosed: osal elupaigatüüpidel oli seos
positiivne, osal negatiivne, mõnel mittelineaarne ning mõne elupaigatüübi puhul ei olnud
seost võimalik hinnata. Töö tulemused näitavad, et ajalooline püsivus võib mõjutada
Natura 2000 elupaikade esinduslikkust, kuid selle mõju sõltub elupaigatüübist. Seetõttu
on elupaikade seisundi hindamisel ja kaitsekorralduses oluline arvestada ka nende
ajaloolist maakasutust ja maakatte muutuste mõju.
The Natura 2000 habitats in Karula National Park have developed through the combined influence of natural processes and long-term human activity. Previous land use and land cover changes may affect the present representativeness of habitats, which makes it important to study their historical development. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to analyse landscape changes in the Natura 2000 habitats of Karula National Park and to assess their influence on the development of habitat representativeness. The study used the 1867 Karula manor map, later historical land cover data, and the Natura 2000 habitat data layer from the Estonian Nature Information System. The map analysis was carried out in QGIS 3.44, and the collected data were processed in MS Excel 2026. The results showed that the land use and land cover of Natura 2000 habitats in Karula National Park changed considerably between 1867 and 2010. The main change was the decrease of open and semi-open areas and the increase of forested land. Different relationships were found between habitat type persistence and representativeness: in some habitat types the relationship was positive, in others negative or non-linear, while in some cases the relationship could not be assessed. The results indicate that historical persistence may influence the representativeness of Natura 2000 habitats, but its effect depends on the habitat type. Therefore, historical land use and land cover changes should also be considered when assessing habitat condition and planning conservation management.
The Natura 2000 habitats in Karula National Park have developed through the combined influence of natural processes and long-term human activity. Previous land use and land cover changes may affect the present representativeness of habitats, which makes it important to study their historical development. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to analyse landscape changes in the Natura 2000 habitats of Karula National Park and to assess their influence on the development of habitat representativeness. The study used the 1867 Karula manor map, later historical land cover data, and the Natura 2000 habitat data layer from the Estonian Nature Information System. The map analysis was carried out in QGIS 3.44, and the collected data were processed in MS Excel 2026. The results showed that the land use and land cover of Natura 2000 habitats in Karula National Park changed considerably between 1867 and 2010. The main change was the decrease of open and semi-open areas and the increase of forested land. Different relationships were found between habitat type persistence and representativeness: in some habitat types the relationship was positive, in others negative or non-linear, while in some cases the relationship could not be assessed. The results indicate that historical persistence may influence the representativeness of Natura 2000 habitats, but its effect depends on the habitat type. Therefore, historical land use and land cover changes should also be considered when assessing habitat condition and planning conservation management.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, Natura 2000 elupaigad, maakasutus, maakate, maastikumuutused, esinduslikkus, Karula rahvuspark