Fungitsiidi Orius 250 EW mõju metsa-süsijooksiku põhikäitumistele
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Fungitsiidide kasutamine taimehaiguste tõrjes on saanud väga tähtsaks osaks põllumajanduses.
Fungitsiidide kasutamise kasvutrendi üks peamine põhjus on tootjate soov saada võimalikult suur
ja kõrge kvaliteediga saak ning sellest tulenevalt ka suurem kasum. Kasutades
taimekaitsevahendeid puutuvad nendega kokku ka mitte sihtorganisimid, nende hulgas kasulikud
putukad – tolmeldajad, parasitoidid ning röövlülijalgsed. Jooksiklased on oma suure arvukuse ja
söögiisuga väga tähtsad taimekahjurite looduslikud vaenlased. Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärgiks
oli esmakordselt mõõta fungitsiidi Orius 250 EW (toimeaine tebukonasool) mõju metsasüsijooksikute
põhikäitumistele – lokomotsioonile ja toitumisele. Katse praktilises osas töödeldi
jooksiklasi fungitsiidi kahe erineva lahusega (toimeaine kontsentratsioonidega 1,25 g/L ja 0,31
g/L) mis on vastavalt maksimaalne ja minimaalne kontsentratsioon, mida on põllul lubatud
kasutada. Mardikaid mõjutati sissekastmismeetodil, kestvusega 5 sekundit. Jooksiklaste käitumist
filmiti veebikaamera vahendusel kahel järjestikusel päeval pärast esimest töötlust. Andmete
töötlemiseks ja analüüsimiseks kasutati arvutitarkvara Ethovision XT. Uurimistöö tulemustes
selgus, et mõlemal fungitsiidi kontsentratsioonil oli mõju jooksiklaste lokomotsioonile ja
toitumisele. Tugevama kontsentratsiooniga töödeldud mardikad olid mõlemal filmimise päeval
hüpoaktiivsed ja läbisid kontrollmardikatest 2,5 korda lühema vahemaa. Nõrgema
kontsentratsiooniga mõjutatud mardikad muutusid hüperaktiivseteks ja läbisid 1,8 korda pikema
vahemaa. Tugevama kontsentratsiooniga mõjutatud mardikatele mõjus fungitsiid toitumisele
pärssivalt, tarbides kahe päeva peale 3 korda vähem toitu kui kontrollmardikad. Nõrgema
kontsentratsiooniga töödeldud jooksiklaste toitumisaktiivsus sõltus töötlusele järgnenud ajast.
Esimesel päeval tarbisid nad 50% vähem toitu ja teisel päeval 50% rohkem toitu kui kontroll.
Antud muutused jooksiklaste põhikäitumistes võivad vähendada nende biotõrjelist efektiivsust.
Edasi tuleks uurida veel erineva toimeainega fungitsiidide mõju kasulike lülijalgsete
põhikäitumistele.
Fungicide use has become increasingly important in agricultural plant protection. One of the main reasons behind this increase is the desire to obtain high crop yield and quality, and thus greater profit. Non-target organisms – pollinators, parasitoids, and predatory arthropods, are inevitably exposed to pesticide treatments. Carabids (predaceous ground beetles), often speciesrich and voracious, are important natural enemies of crop pests. The aim of this study is for a first time to examine the effect of the fungicide Orius 250 EW (active ingredient tebuconazole) on the basic behaviours – locomotion and feeding activity of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. In this experiment the beetles were exposed to two different fungicide emulsions (active substance concentrations 1.25 g/L and 0.31 g/L), whitch are maximum and minimum field concentrations, respectively. Test beetles were dipped in fungicide emulsions for 5 s. On the first two days after the treatment the behaviour of carabids were video recorded with web-cameras. For data analyses, the computer-centered video-tracking system Ethovision XT was used. The result of this study showed that both fungicide concentrations affected ground beetle locomotion and feeding activity. Insects treated with higher concentrations were hypoactive on both filming days, as distance travelled was 2.5 times shorter compared to the control group. Lower fungicide concentrations caused hyperactivity on the second day, where the distance travelled was 1.8 times longer compared to controls. Feeding activity was inhibited in beetles treated with high concentrations, as they consumed three fold less clean food than the control group. Feeding activity in the lower concentration group depended on the amount of time post-treatment. On the first day they consumed 50% less, and on the second day 50% more than the control group. These changes in the basic behaviour of carabid beetles may affect their biocontrol efficiency. Further field studies are needed to obtain more information regarding how fungicides with different active ingredients affect these beneficial arthropods’ basic behaviours.
Fungicide use has become increasingly important in agricultural plant protection. One of the main reasons behind this increase is the desire to obtain high crop yield and quality, and thus greater profit. Non-target organisms – pollinators, parasitoids, and predatory arthropods, are inevitably exposed to pesticide treatments. Carabids (predaceous ground beetles), often speciesrich and voracious, are important natural enemies of crop pests. The aim of this study is for a first time to examine the effect of the fungicide Orius 250 EW (active ingredient tebuconazole) on the basic behaviours – locomotion and feeding activity of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. In this experiment the beetles were exposed to two different fungicide emulsions (active substance concentrations 1.25 g/L and 0.31 g/L), whitch are maximum and minimum field concentrations, respectively. Test beetles were dipped in fungicide emulsions for 5 s. On the first two days after the treatment the behaviour of carabids were video recorded with web-cameras. For data analyses, the computer-centered video-tracking system Ethovision XT was used. The result of this study showed that both fungicide concentrations affected ground beetle locomotion and feeding activity. Insects treated with higher concentrations were hypoactive on both filming days, as distance travelled was 2.5 times shorter compared to the control group. Lower fungicide concentrations caused hyperactivity on the second day, where the distance travelled was 1.8 times longer compared to controls. Feeding activity was inhibited in beetles treated with high concentrations, as they consumed three fold less clean food than the control group. Feeding activity in the lower concentration group depended on the amount of time post-treatment. On the first day they consumed 50% less, and on the second day 50% more than the control group. These changes in the basic behaviour of carabid beetles may affect their biocontrol efficiency. Further field studies are needed to obtain more information regarding how fungicides with different active ingredients affect these beneficial arthropods’ basic behaviours.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, jooksiklased, tebukonasool, lokomotsioon, toitumisaktiivsus