Õuna-ja ploomipuude liblikkahjurite lendluse dünaamika Tartumaal
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
04.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Levinumad liblikkahjurid Eesti viljapuuaedades on: õunamähkur, ploomimähkur ja õunakoi. Üha ilmsemaks muutuvad kliimamuutuste mõjud võivad märkimisväärselt mõjutada nende nende elutsüklit, põlvkondade arvu ja populatsioonide dünaamikat. Käesoleva töö eesmärk oli hinnata õuna- ja ploomipuude peamiste liblikkahjurite lendlusdünaamikat ning võrrelda erinevate feromoonpüüniste efektiivsust nende seirel Tartu maakonnas. Andmed koguti 2024. aasta maist augustini feromoonpüüniste abil ning analüüsiti Microsoft Office 2021 ja STATISTICA 13 programmide abil; püüniste tõhusust hinnati Mann-Whitney U-testiga ning seoseid ilmastikuga korrelatsioonanalüüsiga. Tulemused näitasid, et õunakoi ja õunamähkurite arvukus oli madal ja mõlemal kahjuril esines üks põlvkond aastas. Seevastu ploomimähkurite arvukus oli mõnevõrra kõrgem ja varasema ühe põlvkonna asemel täheldati kahe põlvkonna esinemist. Feromoonpüüniste võrdlus näitas, et Mayeri püünised olid statistiliselt oluliselt efektiivsemad kõigi uuritud liikide puhul, püüdes märgatavalt rohkem isendeid kui COMPO püünised. Liblikkahjurite arvukus, käitumine ja põlvkondade arv võib olla muutumas, mis viitavad jätku-uuringute vajadusele püüniste optimeerimiseks ja lendlusdünaamika muutuste täpsemaks jälgimiseks Eesti tingimustes.
The most common moth pests in Estonian orchards are the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the plum fruit moth (Grapholita funebrana), and the apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus). The increasingly evident effects of climate change may significantly influence their life cycles, number of generations, and population dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess the flight dynamics of the main moth pests of apple and plum trees and to compare the effectiveness of different pheromone traps for monitoring them in Tartu County. Data were collected from May to August 2024 using pheromone traps and analyzed with Microsoft Office 2021 and STATISTICA 13 software. Trap efficiency was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlations with weather conditions were analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that the abundance of codling moths and apple ermine moths was low, and both pests had one generation per year. In contrast, the abundance of plum fruit moths was somewhat higher, and instead of a single generation, the presence of two generations was observed. The comparison of pheromone traps revealed that Mayer traps were statistically significantly more effective for all studied species, capturing notably more individuals than COMPO traps. The abundance, behavior, and number of generations of moth pests may be changing, indicating a need for further studies to optimize trapping methods and to more accurately monitor changes in flight dynamics under Estonian conditions.
The most common moth pests in Estonian orchards are the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the plum fruit moth (Grapholita funebrana), and the apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus). The increasingly evident effects of climate change may significantly influence their life cycles, number of generations, and population dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess the flight dynamics of the main moth pests of apple and plum trees and to compare the effectiveness of different pheromone traps for monitoring them in Tartu County. Data were collected from May to August 2024 using pheromone traps and analyzed with Microsoft Office 2021 and STATISTICA 13 software. Trap efficiency was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlations with weather conditions were analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that the abundance of codling moths and apple ermine moths was low, and both pests had one generation per year. In contrast, the abundance of plum fruit moths was somewhat higher, and instead of a single generation, the presence of two generations was observed. The comparison of pheromone traps revealed that Mayer traps were statistically significantly more effective for all studied species, capturing notably more individuals than COMPO traps. The abundance, behavior, and number of generations of moth pests may be changing, indicating a need for further studies to optimize trapping methods and to more accurately monitor changes in flight dynamics under Estonian conditions.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, feromoonpüünised, lendlusperioodid, kliimamuutuste mõju, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Üikooli põhimõtteid), toiduohutus, mahetoit