Maisisilo lüpsilehmade ratsioonis
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Kuupäev
2014
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Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Magistritöö keskendub Eesti piimalehmadele söödetava maisisilo toiteväärtuse ning
seeduvuse uurimisele. Käesolevas töös uuriti 2012. aastal kasvatatud ja sileeritud erinevate
maisisilo partiide keemilist koostis ja toiteväärtust, et leida seoseid maisisilo keemilise
koostise ja kasvuaegse efektiivsete temperatuuride summa vahel.
Uurimismaterjaliks olid kümnest Eesti eri piirkonnas asuvast põllumajandusettevõtest
pärinevad maisisilo proovid. Kõikidest silodest võeti ligikaudu 3 kg suurused proovid, millest
määrati keemiline koostis, toiteväärtus ning in sacco katsetega erinevate toitainete lõhustuvus
veise vatsas. Uurimuses kasutatavad söödaproovid analüüsiti EMÜ Veterinaarmeditsiini ja
loomakasvatuse instituudi söötmisosakonna söötade ja ainevahetuse uurimiselaboratooriumis
üldtunnustatud metoodikate järgi. In sacco katse viidi läbi kahe vatsafistuliga varustatud
lehmaga Eerika katsefarmis.
Töö tulemused:
• Maisisilo on energiarikas sööt, millega saab, tänu maisisilo suurele tärklisesisaldusele,
asendada lüpsilehmade ratsioonis kuni 50% teraviljast iga söödetud maisisilo
kuivaine kilogrammi kohta.
• Maisisilo toitainete seeduvust vatsas mõjutab vegetatsioonistaadium. Katsetes
korreleerus efektiivsete temperatuuride summa hästi kuivaine (P = 0,0165),
toorproteiini ( P = 0,0125) ja tärklise (P = 0,0125) potentsiaalse lõhustuvusega vatsas.
• Kasvuaegsete efektiivsete temperatuuride summa suurenedes suureneb ka maisisilo
kuivainesisaldus (r = 0,63), kuigi seos polnud antud valimi juures statistiliselt oluline
(P = 0,0509). Kasvuaegsete efektiivsete temperatuuride summa ei avalda olulist mõju
silo tärklise- ning energiasisaldusele.
• Kasvuaegsete efektiivsete temperatuuride summa korreleerub statistiliselt
oluliselt maisisilo toorkiusisaldusega, mis vegetatsioonistaadiumi
edenedes tervikkoristatud maisis väheneb.
• Maisisilo kuivainesisalduse suurenedes suureneb silo energiasisaldus (P =
0,0378), ning vähenevad proteiini- (P = 0,0214) ja toorkiusisaldused (P =
0,0001).
• Maisisilo keemilist koostist ja toiteväärtus mõjutab sort, mille otsest mõju
antud katses ei uuritud, kuid selgitab mitmete näitajate vahelist, oodatust
nõrgemat seost.
Tööst lähtuvalt vajab edasist uurimist:
1. Eestis kasvatatavate maisisortide mõju silo keemilisele koostisele,
toiteväärtusele ning seeduvusele seedekanali eri osades.
2. Väetamise, eelkõige vedelsõnniku mõju maisisilo keemilisele koostisele ja
toiteväärtusele.
3. Optimaalse maisisilo ja rohusilo vahekorra leidmine lehmade
söödaratsioonis.
Master's thesis focused on the investigation of a corn silage digestibility and nutritional value fed to Estonian dairy cows. Corn was grown and ensiled in 2012. The goal was to find correlation between the chemical composition of corn silage and the sum of effective temperatures of the growing season. The data for the study was collected from 10 farms in different parts of Estonia and the weight of all samples was about 3 kilograms. Chemical composition, nutritional value and in sacco rumen degradability of different nutrients was determined from the silage samples. The analyses were completed at the Chemical Laboratory of Animal Feeding at EULS using generally accepted methodologies. The in sacco experiments were performed on two fistulated cows from Eerika farm. The results: • Corn silage is an energy rich feed and due to its high starch content it can replace up to 50% of grain per every kilogram of dry corn silage in the dairy cows' ration. • The nutrient digestibility of corn silage is affected by the stage of vegetation. In the experiments the sum of effective temperatures correlated well with the dry matter (P = 0,0165), crude protein (P = 0,0125), and the potential degradability of starch (P = 0,0125) in the rumen. • The dry matter content of the corn silage (r = 0,63) increases together in correlation with the sum of effective temperatures during growth, although the correlation is not statistically significant in the given sample (P = 0,0509). The sum of effective temperatures during growth has no significant effect on silage starch and energy content. • The sum of effective temperatures during growth has statistically substantial correlation with the crude fiber content of corn silage, which reduces in completely harvested corn as the stage of vegetation progresses. • The dry matter content of corn silage increases together in correlation with the energy content in the silage (P = 0,0378). The protein (P = 0,0214) and crude fiber contents (P = 0,0001) decrease. • The variety of corn affects chemical composition and nutritional value of corn silage. The phenomenon was not studied in this experiment, but explains the weaker connection between several indicators. Based on the work the further investigation is needed: 1. The effects of corn varieties grown in Estonia to the chemical composition and nutritional value of the silage as well as on its digestibility in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. 2. The effects of fertilisation, especially of liquid manure, on the chemical composition and nutritional value of corn silage. 3. Finding optimal proportion between corn silage and grass silage in the dairy cows ration.
Master's thesis focused on the investigation of a corn silage digestibility and nutritional value fed to Estonian dairy cows. Corn was grown and ensiled in 2012. The goal was to find correlation between the chemical composition of corn silage and the sum of effective temperatures of the growing season. The data for the study was collected from 10 farms in different parts of Estonia and the weight of all samples was about 3 kilograms. Chemical composition, nutritional value and in sacco rumen degradability of different nutrients was determined from the silage samples. The analyses were completed at the Chemical Laboratory of Animal Feeding at EULS using generally accepted methodologies. The in sacco experiments were performed on two fistulated cows from Eerika farm. The results: • Corn silage is an energy rich feed and due to its high starch content it can replace up to 50% of grain per every kilogram of dry corn silage in the dairy cows' ration. • The nutrient digestibility of corn silage is affected by the stage of vegetation. In the experiments the sum of effective temperatures correlated well with the dry matter (P = 0,0165), crude protein (P = 0,0125), and the potential degradability of starch (P = 0,0125) in the rumen. • The dry matter content of the corn silage (r = 0,63) increases together in correlation with the sum of effective temperatures during growth, although the correlation is not statistically significant in the given sample (P = 0,0509). The sum of effective temperatures during growth has no significant effect on silage starch and energy content. • The sum of effective temperatures during growth has statistically substantial correlation with the crude fiber content of corn silage, which reduces in completely harvested corn as the stage of vegetation progresses. • The dry matter content of corn silage increases together in correlation with the energy content in the silage (P = 0,0378). The protein (P = 0,0214) and crude fiber contents (P = 0,0001) decrease. • The variety of corn affects chemical composition and nutritional value of corn silage. The phenomenon was not studied in this experiment, but explains the weaker connection between several indicators. Based on the work the further investigation is needed: 1. The effects of corn varieties grown in Estonia to the chemical composition and nutritional value of the silage as well as on its digestibility in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. 2. The effects of fertilisation, especially of liquid manure, on the chemical composition and nutritional value of corn silage. 3. Finding optimal proportion between corn silage and grass silage in the dairy cows ration.
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