Tekstiilijäätmete käitlemine Eestis
Laen...
Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadavus
04.09.2020
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Viimaste kümnendite jooksul on tekstiiltoodete, eriti rõivaste, tarbimine oluliselt
suurenenud, mis tähendab, et suurenenud on ka tekstiilijäätmete hulk. Eestis tuleb
tekstiilijäätmete käitlemiseks leida paremaid lahendusi, kuna Euroopa Liidus on otsustatud
alates aastast 2025 tekstiilijäätmete lahuskogumine muuta kohustuslikuks. Käesoleva
bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida, kuidas on Eesti valmis Euroopa Liidus 2025. aastast
rakenduvaks kohustuseks koguda kodumajapidamistes tekstiilijäätmed eraldi. Eesmärgi
saavutamiseks kasutati veebilehtedelt leitavat informatsiooni, sooritati kohtvaatlus
jäätmejaamades, avalike riidekonteinerite juures, uuskasutuskeskuses ning Toom Tekstiili
ümbertöötlustehases. Jäätmearuandluse Infosüsteemi andmete alusel analüüsiti muutuseid
tekstiilijäätmete kogustes perioodil 2008-2018. Eestis on tekstiilijäätmete kogumiseks
mitmeid võimalusi – põhilisteks on Uuskasutuskeskused, avalikud riidekonteinerid ning
jäätmejaamad. Probleemiks nende puhul on kättesaadavus. Analüüsitud perioodil on
tekstiilijäätmete kogused suurenenud. Vähenenud on prügilasse ladestatava koguse
osakaal ning alates 2013. aastast suurenenud taaskasutamistoimingud. Eelnev on tingitud
Iru põletustehase rajamisest. Suurem osa tekstiilijäätmetest lõpetab segaolmejäätmete
hulgas ning põletatakse. Eestis puudub hetkel võimekus tekstiilijäätmete
ümbertöötlemiseks materjalina, kuid on üksikuid ettevõtteid, kes sellega tegelevad.
Parendama peaks tekstiilijäätmete kogumissüsteemi, kaardistades kohad, kus puudub
liigiti kogumise võimalus. Rõhku tuleb panna teavitustööle. Hädavajalik on leida
lahendusi tarbijajärgsete tekstiilijäätmete ümbertöötlemiseks. Oluline on tõsta tarbija
teadlikkust ning nõudluse kaudu mõjutada tööstust ringmajandusele mõtlema.
The rapid growth of clothing and textile products consumption results in greater volumes of textile waste. In Estonia, better solutions need to be found for the management of textile waste, as separate collection of textile waste will be mandatory in the European Union from 2025. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to study whether Estonia is ready for the obligation to collect textile waste separately in households by 2025. Data for this study were collected from the Internet, site visits were made to waste stations, public clothing containers, the recycling station and the Toom Textile recycling plant. Changes in the quantities of textile waste in the period 2008-2018 were analysed using the data of the Waste Reporting System. There are several possibilities for collecting textile waste in Estonia - the main ones are recycling centres, public clothing containers and waste stations. The problem with them is availability. My findings propose that the amount of textile waste has increased during the analysed period. The share of landfills has decreased, and recovery operations have increased since 2013. The former is due to the establishment of the Iru incineration plant. However, most textile waste ends up in mixed municipal waste. There is no capacity in Estonia to recycle textile waste, there are only a few companies that deal with production waste. Therefore, the textile waste collection system should be improved by mapping places where there is no possibility of separate collection and informing the community. Solutions should also be found for the recycling of postconsumer textile waste. It is important to raise consumer awareness and influence industry to think about the circular economy through demand.
The rapid growth of clothing and textile products consumption results in greater volumes of textile waste. In Estonia, better solutions need to be found for the management of textile waste, as separate collection of textile waste will be mandatory in the European Union from 2025. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to study whether Estonia is ready for the obligation to collect textile waste separately in households by 2025. Data for this study were collected from the Internet, site visits were made to waste stations, public clothing containers, the recycling station and the Toom Textile recycling plant. Changes in the quantities of textile waste in the period 2008-2018 were analysed using the data of the Waste Reporting System. There are several possibilities for collecting textile waste in Estonia - the main ones are recycling centres, public clothing containers and waste stations. The problem with them is availability. My findings propose that the amount of textile waste has increased during the analysed period. The share of landfills has decreased, and recovery operations have increased since 2013. The former is due to the establishment of the Iru incineration plant. However, most textile waste ends up in mixed municipal waste. There is no capacity in Estonia to recycle textile waste, there are only a few companies that deal with production waste. Therefore, the textile waste collection system should be improved by mapping places where there is no possibility of separate collection and informing the community. Solutions should also be found for the recycling of postconsumer textile waste. It is important to raise consumer awareness and influence industry to think about the circular economy through demand.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, jäätmeteke, jäätmekäitlus, taaskasutus, ringmajandus