Fatty oil accumulation in vegetable soybean seeds and its thin-layer chromatography
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Kuupäev
2021
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
This paper studies the accumulation of crude oil (triacylglycerides,
monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, tocopherols, pigments,
sterols, waxes) in soybean vegetable samples. Samples were taken from two groups: grown in an
experimental field and in protected ground of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing
in the Moscow Region. Both groups were observed in the phase of technical ripeness and in the
phase of complete biological ripeness (finally ripe seeds). Soxhlet method as arbitration in
analysis was used as suitable for the extraction of lipophilic substances. It was determined that
the fat content in the technical ripeness phase in most soybean samples averaged 10.5%. In the
phase of biological ripeness, the highest accumulation of fatty oil was observed in Hidaka and
Nordic (17.6%). The oil content in vegetable forms of soybeans was consistently lower than that
of grain varieties: in the phases of technical and biological ripeness by 55.6% and 22.0%
(in relative values) respectively. Thus, he accumulation of oil in seeds is determined mainly
genetically. The refractive index of vegetable and oil soybean was established equal on average
1.4755. According to this finding the soybean oil can be classified as semi-drying.
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to study the lipophilic components of soybean fatty
oil. It was found experimentally that the best separation of the components is achieved using an
eluent system: carbon tetrachloride: chloroform in a 2: 3 ratio. It was found that the main fatsoluble compounds are the following (in order of increasing Rf in the chromatogram):
phospholipids, monoacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, tocopherols, fatty acid esters. As a finding
of the research vegetable soybean cultivated at 55 °N in both technical and biological ripeness
phases significantly accumulate crude oil in the seeds. This crude oil contained ω-6, ω-3,
phospholipids, and vitamin E.
Kirjeldus
Received: February 23rd, 2021 ; Accepted: May 5th, 2021 ; Published: May 20th, 2021 ; Correspondence: sergey.kask@ut.ee
Märksõnad
vegetable soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., oil content, crude oil, fat, thin layer chromatography, articles