Kalajäätmete potentsiaal biogaasi tootmiseks väikeettevõttes
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
28.08.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Käesolev lõputöö keskendub kalajäätmetest biogaasi tootmise võimaluste analüüsile ühe Eesti väikeettevõtte näitel. Probleemi taustaks on asjaolu, et kalajäätmed sisaldavad märkimisväärses koguses biolagunevat materjali, kuid nende väärindamine energiaks on seni olnud vähelevinud. Varasemad uuringud on näidanud kalajäätmete kõrget biogaasipotentsiaali, ent Eestis on fookus olnud peamiselt sõnniku ja põllumajandusjäätmete kasutamisel.
Töö eesmärk on hinnata, kas kalajäätmete väärindamine biogaasi tootmise teel on väikeettevõtte jaoks majanduslikult, keskkonnaalaselt ja sotsiaalmajanduslikult otstarbekas.Uurimuses kasutati ühe anonüümseks jääva kalatöötlemisettevõtte andmeid, mis koguti intervjuude abil. Analüüsiti kalajäätmete kogust, liigilist koostist ning ettevõtte energiatarbimist ja kulustruktuuri.
Tulemustest selgus, et uuritaval ettevõtel oleks aastane toorme kogus ligikaudu 161,8 tonni kalajäätmeid, millest oleks võimalik toota biogaasi koguses, mis katab terve ettevõtte aastase energiavajaduse. Selgus, et vajaliku toormemahu vähesuse ja suure investeeringuvajaduse tõttu ei ole väikeettevõttel otstarbekas iseseisvalt rajada biometaani tootmisüksust eesmärgiga toodangut müügiks väärindada. Töös pakuti välja mitmed soovitused, sh teiste kalandusettevõtete kaasamine, koostöö kaluritega ja toetuste taotlemine. Edasised uuringud võiksid keskenduda laiemale piirkondlikule koostööle ja biogaasijaamade rajamisele kalasadamate juurde. Töö tulemused kinnitavad, et kalajäätmetel on oluline roll ringmajanduses ning nende väärindamine võiks anda keskkonna- ja majanduslikku kasu.
This thesis focuses on the analysis of the possibilities for the production of biogas from fish waste on the example of a small company in Estonia. The backdrop to the problem is the fact that fish waste contains significant amounts of biodegradable material, but their valorization to energy has so far been scarce. Previous studies have shown a high biogas potential for fish waste, but the focus in Estonia has been mainly on manure and agricultural waste. The aim of this thesis is to assess whether the valorisation of fish waste through biogas production is economically, environmentally and socio-economically feasible for a small enterprise.The research used data from a fish processing plant that remains anonymous and was collected using interviews. The amount of fish waste, the species composition and the energy consumption and cost structure of the company were analyzed. The results revealed that the investigational advance would have an annual amount of raw material of approximately 161.8 tons of fish waste from which biogas could be produced in an amount that would cover the entire company's annual energy needs. It was found that due to the limited availability of feedstock and the high investment costs, it is not feasible for a small enterprise to independently establish a biomethane production unit for commercial purposes. The work proposed a number of recommendations, including the involvement of other fisheries companies, cooperation with fishermen and the application for grants. Further research could focus on broader regional cooperation and the construction of biogas plants at fishing ports. The results of the work confirm that fish waste plays an important role in the circular economy and its valorization could provide environmental and economic benefits.
This thesis focuses on the analysis of the possibilities for the production of biogas from fish waste on the example of a small company in Estonia. The backdrop to the problem is the fact that fish waste contains significant amounts of biodegradable material, but their valorization to energy has so far been scarce. Previous studies have shown a high biogas potential for fish waste, but the focus in Estonia has been mainly on manure and agricultural waste. The aim of this thesis is to assess whether the valorisation of fish waste through biogas production is economically, environmentally and socio-economically feasible for a small enterprise.The research used data from a fish processing plant that remains anonymous and was collected using interviews. The amount of fish waste, the species composition and the energy consumption and cost structure of the company were analyzed. The results revealed that the investigational advance would have an annual amount of raw material of approximately 161.8 tons of fish waste from which biogas could be produced in an amount that would cover the entire company's annual energy needs. It was found that due to the limited availability of feedstock and the high investment costs, it is not feasible for a small enterprise to independently establish a biomethane production unit for commercial purposes. The work proposed a number of recommendations, including the involvement of other fisheries companies, cooperation with fishermen and the application for grants. Further research could focus on broader regional cooperation and the construction of biogas plants at fishing ports. The results of the work confirm that fish waste plays an important role in the circular economy and its valorization could provide environmental and economic benefits.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, biogaas, kalajäätmed, ringbiomajandus, väärindamine