MycoPhylo eksperimendil kasvavate okaspuude kasv ja tervislik seisund
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
05.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kliimamuutustest tingitud soojenemise tulemusena võivad üha uued puuliigid Eesti tingimustes kasvada ja ellu jääda. Koos nendega liigub paratamatult kaasa ka uusi patogeene. Uurimistöö eesmärkideks oli uurida MycoPhylo eksperimendil kasvavate okaspuude kasvu ja tervislikku seisundit ning ühtlasi patogeenide tuvastamine kaasaegseid tehnoloogiaid kasutades paremini mõistmaks okaspuude kahjustuste põhjusi.
2023. aasta sügise hinnangu järgi kõige kõrgemateks puudeks olid euroopa lehise isendid ning kõige väiksema kasvuga oli hiibapuu. Parima tervisliku seisundiga hinnatud puuliigid olid: euroopa lehis, korea seedermänd, mägimänd, harilik mänd, harilik elupuu, kanada tsuuga, harilik kuusk ning harilik jugapuu. Kehvema tervisliku seisundiga liikideks olid: metasekvoia, mägi-ebaküpress, harilik ebatsuuga ning hiibapuu. Surnud puudeks olid: 1 kalifornia ebaküpress, 1 harilik kadakas, 4 harilikku ebatsuugat, 1 hiibapuu ning 2 metasekvoiat. Kõige rohkem õnnestus tuvastada erinevatel peremeestaimede okastel ja võrsetel järgnevaid patogeenide taksoneid: Lophodermium sp., Rhizosphaera macrospora, Alternaria metachromatica ja Devriesia sp..
Proovide analüüsimiseks kasutati MinION sekvenaatorit Eesti Maaülikooli metsapatoloogia laboris esmakordselt, mis on uueks innovaatiliseks ja kiireks võimaluseks haigustekitajate määramisel bioloogiliselt proovist. Võrreldes isoleerimisega puhaskultuurist võimaldas MinION sekveneerimine korraga tuvastada ühest proovist paljusid seeni.
Katsealal olevate okaspuude mõõtmine ning tervisliku seisundi hindamine ja sümptomaatiliste okaste ning võrsete analüüsimise jätkamine tulevikus on vajalik, et tuvastada haigustekitajaid võimalikult varases staadiumis sh uusi patogeene ning see aitab näha millistel uutel okaspuuliikidel on potentsiaali kliimamuutustega kohaneda ja Eesti tingimustes kasvada.
As a result of the increasing temperature, due to climate change, new tree species may have a better chance of growing and surviving in Estonia. Unfortunately, with these species, new pathogens will also accompany them. The objectives of the thesis were to research the growth and health status of coniferous trees in the MycoPhylo experiment and to identify new pathogens using state of the art technologies, to better understand the reasons behind different coniferous trees damage. According to the 2023 autumn assessment, the highest trees were Larix europaea and the shortest were Thujopsis dolobrata. Trees with the best health condition were: Larix europaea, Pinus koreana, Pinus mugo, Pinus sylvestris, Thuja occidentalis, Tsuga canadensis, Picea abies and Taxus baccata. Tree species with the worst health condition were: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Thujopsis dolobrata. Dead trees were: 1 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, 1 Juniperus communis, 4 Pseudotsuga menziesii, 1 Thujopsis dolobrata and 2 Metasequoia glyptostroboides. The next pathogens were able to identify from the most amount of different hosts needles and shoots: Lophodermium sp., Rhizosphaera macrospora, Alternaria metachromatica and Devriesia sp.. MinION sequencer was used to analyze samples for the first time in the Estonian University of Life Sciences laboratory, which is a new and innovative way to identify pathogens from biological samples of tree leaves and shoots. When compared to detect pathogens from pure cultures then MinION sequencing enabled to identify multiple fungi from one sample. In the future it is important to continue the evaluation of coniferous trees health status and analysing symptomatic needles and shoots in the test site to detect pathogens in as early stage as possible, including new pathogens. This survay helps to understand which new coniferous species have potential to adapt Estonian conditions and dolerate climate changes.
As a result of the increasing temperature, due to climate change, new tree species may have a better chance of growing and surviving in Estonia. Unfortunately, with these species, new pathogens will also accompany them. The objectives of the thesis were to research the growth and health status of coniferous trees in the MycoPhylo experiment and to identify new pathogens using state of the art technologies, to better understand the reasons behind different coniferous trees damage. According to the 2023 autumn assessment, the highest trees were Larix europaea and the shortest were Thujopsis dolobrata. Trees with the best health condition were: Larix europaea, Pinus koreana, Pinus mugo, Pinus sylvestris, Thuja occidentalis, Tsuga canadensis, Picea abies and Taxus baccata. Tree species with the worst health condition were: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Thujopsis dolobrata. Dead trees were: 1 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, 1 Juniperus communis, 4 Pseudotsuga menziesii, 1 Thujopsis dolobrata and 2 Metasequoia glyptostroboides. The next pathogens were able to identify from the most amount of different hosts needles and shoots: Lophodermium sp., Rhizosphaera macrospora, Alternaria metachromatica and Devriesia sp.. MinION sequencer was used to analyze samples for the first time in the Estonian University of Life Sciences laboratory, which is a new and innovative way to identify pathogens from biological samples of tree leaves and shoots. When compared to detect pathogens from pure cultures then MinION sequencing enabled to identify multiple fungi from one sample. In the future it is important to continue the evaluation of coniferous trees health status and analysing symptomatic needles and shoots in the test site to detect pathogens in as early stage as possible, including new pathogens. This survay helps to understand which new coniferous species have potential to adapt Estonian conditions and dolerate climate changes.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Metsanduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, MinION sekvenaator, seenpatogeen, eksoot-liigid, invasiivsed patogeenid