Pruunkaru (Ursus arctos) populatsiooni mõju mesindusele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
04.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Tänasel päeval pakub palju kõneainet ja saab ohtralt meediakajastust pruunkarude arvukus ning pruunkarude arvukus mõjutab ka otseselt mesindust. Tihti räägivad mesinikud rüüstatud tarudest ja hävinenud mesilasperedest, mis on otsene pruunkaru kahjustuse tagajärg. Hoolimata sellest kas mesilat ümbritseb näiteks elektrikarjus või paukpadrunitega karjus, käivad karud ikka mesilaid rüüstamas. Samuti ootavad mesinikud riigi poolt õiglasemat ja arusaadavamat hüvitussüsteemi. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida pruunkaru populatsiooni mõju mesindusele Eestis.
Lähtuvalt diplomitöö eesmärgist, püstitati järgnevad hüpoteesid:
H1: Mesilasperede kahjustuste sagenemine on seotud pruunkaru populatsiooni suurenemisega. Samas eeldatakse, et kahjustuste esinemist mõjutavad lisaks karude arvukusele ka keskkonnategurid ning inimtegevus.
H2: Olemasolevad ennetusmeetmed ei ole piisavalt tõhusad, et ära hoida kahjustusi mesilates.
H3: Liigse bürokraatia ja madala kompensatsiooni tõttu jätavad mesinikud karukahjudest teatamata.
Töö põhineb kolme erineva huvigrupi vastustel, huvigruppideks olid mesinikud, jahimehed ja keskkonna- ja looduskaitsest huvitatud isikud. Igale huvigrupile saadeti neile suunatud ankeetküsimustik, kus olid valikvastustega küsimused ja avatud vormis küsimused. Kogutud andmete analüüsimisel kasutati kombineeritud lähenemist, mis hõlmas nii kvantitatiivsete kui ka kvalitatiivsete andmete töötlemist. Jahimeeste vastustest joonistus välja kaks peamist konfliktide ja probleemide põhjust, milleks on liiga suur pruunkaru populatsioon (97,2%) ja liiga väike küttimismaht (77,8%). Mesinike vastustest tuli samuti välja, et pruunkaru populatsioon on liiga suur ja seda peaks vähendama. Vastanud mesinikest enamusel on esinenenud karukahjustusi väiksemal või suuremal määral. Samuti leiab suurem osa mesinikest, et praegu kasutusel olevad ennetusmeetmed on väga tõhusad (21,2%) ja pigem tõhusad (42,4%). Mesinike vastustes ilmnes selge rahulolematus kahjude hüvitamise süsteemiga. Probleemiks oli kas liigne bürokraatia või saadava hüvitise suurus.
Uurimistöö tulemuste põhjal võib järeldada, et pruunkaru arvukus Eestis on erinevate huvigruppide hinnangul suurenenud ning sellest on kujunenud probleem, mis vajab edaspidi järjepidevat koostööd ja nii praktiliste kui ka teoreetiliste lahenduste väljatöötamist, et arvestada võimalikult hästi kõigi osapoolte huvidega.
Today, the abundance of brown bears attracts considerable public attention and extensive media coverage, and the size of the brown bear population also has a direct impact on beekeeping. Beekeepers frequently report looted beehives and destroyed bee colonies, which are direct consequences of brown bear damage. Regardless of whether an apiary is protected by electric fencing or deterrent systems using noise cartridges, bears continue to raid apiaries. Beekeepers also expect a fairer and more transparent compensation system from the state. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to analyse the impact of the brown bear population on beekeeping in Estonia. Based on the objective of the thesis, the following hypotheses were formulated: H1: The increase in damage to bee colonies is associated with the growth of the brown bear population. At the same time, it is assumed that the occurrence of damage is influenced not only by bear abundance but also by environmental factors and human activities. H2: The existing preventive measures are not sufficiently effective in preventing damage to apiaries. H3: Due to excessive bureaucracy and inadequate compensation, beekeepers often fail to report bear-related damage. The study is based on responses from three different stakeholder groups: beekeepers, hunters, and individuals interested in environmental and nature conservation issues. Each stakeholder group received a tailored questionnaire consisting of both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyse the collected data, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The responses from hunters revealed two main causes of conflicts and problems: an excessively large brown bear population (97.2%) and an insufficient hunting quota (77.8%). Responses from beekeepers likewise indicated that the brown bear population is considered too large and should be reduced. The majority of surveyed beekeepers had experienced bear-related damage to varying degrees. At the same time, most beekeepers considered the currently used preventive measures to be either very effective (21.2%) or rather effective (42.4%). However, beekeepers expressed clear dissatisfaction with the compensation system for damages. The main concerns were either excessive bureaucracy or the amount of compensation provided. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, according to the perceptions of different stakeholder groups, the brown bear population in Estonia has increased and has become an issue that requires continued cooperation and the development of both practical and theoretical solutions in order to take the interests of all parties into account as effectively as possible.
Today, the abundance of brown bears attracts considerable public attention and extensive media coverage, and the size of the brown bear population also has a direct impact on beekeeping. Beekeepers frequently report looted beehives and destroyed bee colonies, which are direct consequences of brown bear damage. Regardless of whether an apiary is protected by electric fencing or deterrent systems using noise cartridges, bears continue to raid apiaries. Beekeepers also expect a fairer and more transparent compensation system from the state. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to analyse the impact of the brown bear population on beekeeping in Estonia. Based on the objective of the thesis, the following hypotheses were formulated: H1: The increase in damage to bee colonies is associated with the growth of the brown bear population. At the same time, it is assumed that the occurrence of damage is influenced not only by bear abundance but also by environmental factors and human activities. H2: The existing preventive measures are not sufficiently effective in preventing damage to apiaries. H3: Due to excessive bureaucracy and inadequate compensation, beekeepers often fail to report bear-related damage. The study is based on responses from three different stakeholder groups: beekeepers, hunters, and individuals interested in environmental and nature conservation issues. Each stakeholder group received a tailored questionnaire consisting of both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyse the collected data, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The responses from hunters revealed two main causes of conflicts and problems: an excessively large brown bear population (97.2%) and an insufficient hunting quota (77.8%). Responses from beekeepers likewise indicated that the brown bear population is considered too large and should be reduced. The majority of surveyed beekeepers had experienced bear-related damage to varying degrees. At the same time, most beekeepers considered the currently used preventive measures to be either very effective (21.2%) or rather effective (42.4%). However, beekeepers expressed clear dissatisfaction with the compensation system for damages. The main concerns were either excessive bureaucracy or the amount of compensation provided. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, according to the perceptions of different stakeholder groups, the brown bear population in Estonia has increased and has become an issue that requires continued cooperation and the development of both practical and theoretical solutions in order to take the interests of all parties into account as effectively as possible.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, pruunkaru, meemesilane, konflikt, jahimees, mesinik