Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Litvinova, O.
Dehodiuk, S.
Litvinov, D.
Havryliuk, O.
Kyrychenko, A.
Borys, N.
Dmytrenko, O.
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Estonian University of Life Sciences
Abstrakt
The use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases
the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research
was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational
crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical
chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research
was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of
Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the
National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences
in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation
crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 - winter rape (Brassica napus L.),
winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L);
crop rotation 2 - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L),
sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the
results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.)
Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct
sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus
content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was
determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans,
there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the
control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing).
The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied
after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds
increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers)
with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the
yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average
yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop
was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the
years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90)) for
growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape
pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies.
The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading
because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of
winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90)
with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.
Kirjeldus
Received: March 15th, 2023 ; Accepted: July 17th, 2023 ; Published: September 1st, 2023 ; Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua
Märksõnad
tillage system, fertilizing system, short-rotational crop rotations, soil nutrient regime, winter wheat, productivity, articles