Pestitsiidijääkide mõju ja levik vahast mesilasemadeni
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Kuupäev
2021
Kättesaadavus
28.08.2021
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Põllumajanduses võetakse jätkuvalt kasutusele üha rohkem pestitsiide, mille jäägid kanduvad edasi keskkonda, kuhu need ei kuulu. Üht suurimat kahju seoses pestitsiidide jääkide levikuga kannatavad mesilased, kuna pestitsiidid mõjutavad mesilase erinevaid parameetreid. Antud töö eesmärgiks on uurida insektistiid tau-fluvalinaadi ja fungitsiid tebukonasooli levikut mesindussaaduste vahel ning nende kahe aine mõju mesilasema arengule. Pestitsiidide leviku katses valmistati mahevahast mesilasema kuppe, kuhu segati sisse erinevates kontsentratsioonides pestitsiide ning jälgiti nende levikut kuppust mesindussaaduste vahel. Mesilasema arengu katses jälgiti, kuidas samad pestitsiidide kontsentratsioonid ja segud mõjusid mesilasema vastuvõtule ammperes, koorumisele ning kehamassile.
Tulemustest selgub, et tau-fluvalinaadi (15 μg kg-1) ja tebukonasooli (412 μg kg-1) segu põhjustas mesilasema vastuvõtule ja koorumisele olulist mõju. Üksiku ainena tõstis tebukonasool vastuvõttu ja koorumist 10% võrreldes kontrollgrupiga. Pestitsiidide leviku katses levis kirjeldatud segu võrdlemisi hästi edasi, jõudes mesilasvahast toitepiima ning väikeses koguses ka mesilasema vastseteni. Tebukonasool ja tau-fluvalinaat üksikute ainetena levisid mesindussaaduste vahel halvemini kui segus.
An increasing number of pesticides continue to be used in agriculture, with residues being transferred to non-target environments. Pesticides negatively affect different bee parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of insecticide tau-fluvalinate and the fungicide tebuconazole between apicultural products and the effect of these two substances on queen bee development. In the pesticide spread test, beeswax cups were made off organic wax, in which pesticides were mixed in different amounts and mixtures, and their spread from the cups to the royal jelly, and then to the larvae and to the matures queens was monitored. In the queen bee development experiment, the effects of the same pesticide concentrations and mixtures on bee acceptance, hatching and body weight were observed. The results show that a mixture of tau-fluvalinate (15 μg kg-1) and tebuconazole (412 μg kg-1) caused significant damage to queen acceptance and hatching. Separately, tebuconazole increased acceptance and hatching by 10% compared to control group . In a pesticide spread test, the described mixture spread relatively well, reaching from beeswax to royal jelly but was remarkably low in queen larvae and adults. The two pesticides were less widespread than expected in apiculture products. The study concludes that the spread of pesticide residues is not continuous and the developing queen bodies are clean. Despite the fact, there was an effect on developing queens, especially in case of combination of fungicide and the insecticide.
An increasing number of pesticides continue to be used in agriculture, with residues being transferred to non-target environments. Pesticides negatively affect different bee parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of insecticide tau-fluvalinate and the fungicide tebuconazole between apicultural products and the effect of these two substances on queen bee development. In the pesticide spread test, beeswax cups were made off organic wax, in which pesticides were mixed in different amounts and mixtures, and their spread from the cups to the royal jelly, and then to the larvae and to the matures queens was monitored. In the queen bee development experiment, the effects of the same pesticide concentrations and mixtures on bee acceptance, hatching and body weight were observed. The results show that a mixture of tau-fluvalinate (15 μg kg-1) and tebuconazole (412 μg kg-1) caused significant damage to queen acceptance and hatching. Separately, tebuconazole increased acceptance and hatching by 10% compared to control group . In a pesticide spread test, the described mixture spread relatively well, reaching from beeswax to royal jelly but was remarkably low in queen larvae and adults. The two pesticides were less widespread than expected in apiculture products. The study concludes that the spread of pesticide residues is not continuous and the developing queen bodies are clean. Despite the fact, there was an effect on developing queens, especially in case of combination of fungicide and the insecticide.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, mesilased, mesilasema, pestitsiidijäägid, vaha, loodusvarad, veevarud, loodusvarade kaitse, jätkusuutlikkus, säästev areng